Tuesday, February 27, 2018

Reading Notes A: The Miraculous Mirror


File:Amaterasu.png

  • Amaterasu:
    • Sun Goddess
    • Weaves the "dark web of Doom" with seven hand-maidens
    • Scared of Susa-no-wo, fled upon his arrival
  • Susa-no-wo:
    • "Dragon of hell", "Demon of Fire"
    • Showed up in the Hall of the Gods and caused Amaterasu to flee
  • Some god crafted a mirror of gold
  • Uzume:
    • Goddess of laughter
    • Danced and frolicked outside of Amaterasu's cave until Amaterasu awoke
    • Used gold mirror to get Amaterasu to leave the cave
  • Amaterasu looked in mirror, saw herself but thought it was a rival; ran out of the cave 
  • Taji-KaraĆ“ blocked cave with a boulder



  • Idea: make into a myth about why the sun disappears every night
    • Find a deity of stars, have him become the antagonist
    • "Boy who cried wolf" type story, until star deity follows up on threats and actually brings Susa-no-wo to attack Amaterasu
    • Thereafter, deity of stars comes to the Hall of the Gods every night, and Amaterasu flees until she knows that the stars are gone
    • Include Uzume: person who tells Amaterasu when star deity is gone?
      • Could also replace with a rooster-related deity - crow of the rooster signifying daybreak

Bibliography: The Miraculous Mirror from Romance of Old Japan, Part I: Mythology and Legend by E. W. Champney and F. Champney. Web Source

Image: Amaterasu by TI.A on Wikimedia Commons

Thursday, February 22, 2018

Longer Version of Week 6 Story (Original Before Trim)

Magic does not exist.

There is no proof, of course, but there is no proof of magic's existence either. As more and more of the science of the universe was discovered, fewer and fewer people believed that magic could possibly exist until any who did were considered insane and delusional. Powerful magicians, mythical creatures, unexplained phenomena of the world; all of the works of magic were naught but myth and legend, not forgotten but no longer believed in by the general populace.

Until one day.

It was a city, no different than any of the others that dominated the earth. Most signs of nature were eradicated from the planet, with only nature enthusiasts and specified areas such as parks remaining as signs that the world was once full of greenery. The city had one such park, but it was lackluster, maintained by those who cared little for its contents.

The routine of the caretakers was a simple one, and it rarely changed. Water and trim the wilting plants, make sure that none of them had been damaged by unnatural causes, and otherwise perform general maintenance. It was an easy job, with few surprises.

Then the tree appeared.

There was no warning to its arrival. Nothing existed in the spot but browning grass one day, and the next day there was an immature sapling in its place. On the first glance, the park caretaker barely took note of the new addition.

Then the sapling grew again, going from an immature sapling to a nearly full-grown tree. The caretakers were suspicious - how did such a tree get there? But they had no answers, and simply reported its presence. The report got no immediate response.

The next day, the tree was on par with the others in the park, other trees that had been growing for decades to reach their full potential.

Each day, it grew and grew, and within a single week it towered over everything in its vicinity, branches reaching out to cast shade over the entire park. Scientists came in to study the tree, but had found nothing in those few days. It quickly became a tourist attraction, and one historian named it the "Iei Tree".

Despite the unsettling nature of its appearance, those in charge of the city relaxed. It wasn't significantly damaging the other parts of the park, and it was bringing tourism to help the city. All was well.


That was when the Iei Tree began to truly work its effects upon the world.

The park caretakers woke to find that the animals living in the park had an unsettling intelligence, watching them do their work. Citizens of the city began to notice that their electronics were failing at random intervals, or giving false readings.

And the entire city noticed when the first dragon appeared, bellowing rage and flames down at the weak creatures that dared to exist near it.

It was chaos. One dragon was followed by another, and another. It seemed an entire family of dragons had come forth, and the city burned. Everyone fled, leaving behind anything they couldn't live without as draconic fire ravaged the city behind them.

Only days later, after the city and thousands of people were long lost, did anyone make the connection that the Iei Tree might have been a cause of the event instead of just another symptom. By then, the former city was ruled by dragons, chimeras, and all manner of creatures long thought to be mere works of imagination.

Even as the military planned to make their way back into the dragons' nest, the Iei Tree continued to grow. It grew higher than the buildings, higher than the skyscrapers, higher than everything until it towered above all else. Nearly the entire continent could see the edges of the Iei Tree's canopy. And with the shadow of the Iei Tree came the creatures of myth and legend. Not just the more exotic creatures that legendary adventures centered about, such as chimeras and dragons, but also animals with intelligence, the gift of speech, and even magic of their own.

The world eventually organized their group of soldiers and scientists, picking only the best and most resilient to go on what might very well be a suicide mission. But the grim prospects seemed to be simply paranoid, as the group managed to sneak through the mythical land overcast by the Iei Tree, picking their way across the ravaged ruins of the city until they finally reached the trunk of the tree itself.

It was a massive structure, the Iei Tree having long since consumed the park in which its life had begun. All of the group found themselves staring in awe before they snapped themselves from their daze and began their work.

Had the situation been less dire, they might have tried to make sure that the Iei Tree was the cause of the myths coming to life before attempts to kill the tree were made. But too many had died, and would die, for them to risk taking that time.

Unfortunately, nothing seemed to work.

Attempts to chop down the tree resulted in the wood regenerating before their very eyes. Poison simply vanished with no effect, as if it had never existed. The Iei Tree seemed impervious to flames as well, with no part of the massive tree even burning for a single instant.

The group was ready to give it up as a lost cause. Days had been spent trying to take down the Iei Tree, but it proved to be an unkillable foe.

"You're in quite a hopeless situation, aren't you?"

Guns swiveled to aim at the voice, only to find a small grey bird. It ruffled its feathers before speaking once more.

"Do you truly wish to do that? I mean you no harm, but the same cannot be said for any others who will hear you kill me."

Grudgingly, the guns lowered. While it was nothing like the human expression, the bird gave what could only be called a smug glance at the humans before continuing.

"Very good. Now, I am Kha Phreit. As much as it may surprise you, I am just as disgusted by the rampant deaths of your kind as you are. And so I will share with you a secret, a secret that might help you kill this monstrous tree.

"There lives a tiger in the branches of the monstrous tree. His name is U Khla, and he is the one who makes your progress meaningless. When you cut the tree, he heals it with his magic. When you poison the tree, he purifies it before more than a single patch of wood might be harmed. When you burn the tree, he protects it such that not even a leaf will be consumed by the flame. If you wish the tree's death, U Khla is the one you must take down first."

Message given, Kha Phreit flies off.

Behind him, the soldiers and scientists stare at each other. Believing in a creature brought into the world by the Iei Tree is difficult, but to do so would give them hope. It would give them a way to snatch victory from the jaws of defeat, and save the world for humanity.

They climb the tree, wary and ready for an attack. The further they climb, the darker it becomes, until the leaves of the Iei Tree block all light except their own.

From the darkness, echoing from all directions, a voice growls at them.

"So, that foolish bird has told you of me. You would kill me so that you may kill the tree, hmm?"

Guns snapped up, pointing in every direction, but the soldiers dared not fire blindly.

"Have you thought nothing of what the tree's death would do to us? All of our lives, all of our existences, are bound to this tree. With its death comes ours as well."

One soldier, temper frayed, replied. "Like your kind haven't killed humans! However many of you we kill, it's nothing compared to the number of us who have died!"

The voice scoffed. "Do not assume all of us to be so crude and cruel as the dragons. And do not assume that their reasoning does not exist. Do you not realize where we are from, where we have been summoned from? Creatures of myth - oh yes, we know of our status in your world - do not simply appear from nowhere.

"We were summoned forth from those exact myths and legends, from that long-forgotten past, where many of us - especially the dragons - were hated by humans, hunted by humans. When the dragons saw humans thriving, powerful and plentiful in a way they had never known, of course they would attack. They know of the dangers of humanity, and are terrified of letting your kind have the opportunity to kill them."

A hush fell over the group of soldiers. "Then what do you want? We can't just leave things be," the same soldier spoke. There was only silence from U Khla, for such a long time that the soldiers began to believe he had vanished. Then, he replied at last.

"I... do not know. But I- we, are willing to strike a deal. Not only myself, but all of our kind who do not agree with the dragons. Should humanity cease its attempts to kill the tree, should you agree to allow its existence to continue, then we shall aid you in fighting against any threat from those who the tree has brought forth."

They almost didn't agree. None of the soldiers had the authority, and many were still angry over how many had died due to the Iei Tree.

But despite their anger, despite the possibility of failure-

"We accept."

----------------------------------------

Author's Note: The original tale, The Legend of the Iei Tree, is of a famously large tree on top of a mountain. The shadow of the tree is so dense that the sun can't get through at all, and the earth below it is barren. The tree keeps growing until people are driven out of its shadow, and it begins to threaten the entire world. A group of woodcutters gather and go to cut it down, but every night the damage they do is repaired. A Khasi wren, Kha Phreit, goes to the woodcutters, who laugh at the idea of the bird helping them. After chastising them, Kha Phreit tells the woodcutters that a large tiger, U Khla, has been licking the tree every night to heal the cuts on it. The woodcutters stick their axes into the tree, blades out, and U Khla cuts his tongue on the axes that night. Fleeing, U Khla never returns to the Iei Tree, and the woodcutters are able to cut the tree down.

When I was considering how to retell this story, I began by thinking of transitioning it into a modern setting. A massive tree growing in the center of a city, in an extremely modernized world, seemed like an interesting change to the story. Given the modernization, making the land barren wasn't as big of an issue, so I changed the Iei Tree's threat to bringing forth mythical creatures, which also allowed me to keep the characters of Kha Phreit and U Khla. Lastly, I changed the ending, since I like the idea of magic (the mythical creatures and the Iei tree) and science (the very modernized world with previously little nature) managing to find a way to coexist, even if it's only a tentative idea by the end of the story.

Bibliography: The Legend of the Iei Tree from Folk-Tales of the Khasis by Mrs. K. U. Rafy.  Web Source

Image: "Giant Tree, St. Andrews University". Copyright Anthony O'Neil. Web Source

Week 6 Story: The Tree of Myth

 (Note: there is a unedited version that is longer here that is ~1600 words. This version is shorter at 1000 words after editing, and either version is fine to read!)

---------------------

There was a city, no different than any of the others that dominated the earth. Most signs of nature were eradicated from the planet, with only nature enthusiasts and specified areas such as parks remaining as signs that the world was once full of greenery. The city had one such park, but it was lackluster, maintained by those who cared little for its contents.

Then the tree appeared.
There was no warning to its arrival. Nothing existed in the spot but browning grass one day, and the next day there was an immature sapling in its place. On the first glance, the park caretaker barely took note of the new addition.

Then the sapling grew again, going from an immature sapling to a nearly full-grown tree.

Then the next day, the tree was on par with the others in the park, other trees that had been growing for decades to reach their full potential.

Each day, it grew and grew, and within a single week it towered over everything in its vicinity, branches reaching out to cast shade over the entire park. Scientists came in to study the tree. It quickly became a tourist attraction, and one historian named it the "Iei Tree".

Despite the unsettling nature of its appearance, those in charge of the city relaxed. It wasn't significantly damaging the other parts of the park, and it was bringing tourism to help the city. All was well.


That was when the Iei Tree began to truly work its effects upon the world.

The entire city noticed when the first dragon appeared, bellowing rage and flames down at the weak creatures that dared to exist near it.
It was chaos. It seemed an entire family of dragons had come forth, and the city burned. Everyone fled, leaving behind anything they couldn't live without.

Only days later, after the city and thousands of people were long lost, did anyone make the connection that the Iei Tree might have been a cause of the event instead of just another symptom. By then, the former city was ruled by dragons, chimeras, and all manner of creatures long thought to be mere works of imagination.

The Iei Tree continued to grow. It grew higher and higher, until it towered above all else. Nearly the entire continent could see the edges of the Iei Tree's canopy. And with the shadow of the Iei Tree came the creatures of myth and legend. Not just the more exotic creatures that legendary adventures centered about, but also animals with intelligence, the gift of speech, and even magic of their own.

The world eventually organized a group of soldiers and scientists to go after the Iei Tree. They managed to sneak through the mythical land overcast by the Iei Tree, picking their way across the ravaged ruins of the city until they finally reached the trunk of the tree itself.

It was a massive structure, the Iei Tree having long since consumed the park in which its life had begun. They found themselves staring in awe before they snapped themselves from their daze and began their task.

Unfortunately, nothing seemed to work.

Attempts to chop down the tree resulted in the wood regenerating before their very eyes. Poison simply vanished with no effect, and it seemed impervious to flames as well.

The group was ready to give it up as a lost cause.

"You're in quite a hopeless situation, aren't you?"

Guns swiveled to aim at the voice, only to find a small grey bird. It ruffled its feathers before speaking once more.

"Do you truly wish to do that? I mean you no harm, but the same cannot be said for any others who will hear you kill me."

Grudgingly, the guns lowered.

"Very good. Now, I am Kha Phreit. As much as it may surprise you, I am just as disgusted by the rampant deaths of your kind as you are. And so I will share with you a secret, a secret that might help you kill this monstrous tree.

"There lives a tiger in the branches of the monstrous tree. His name is U Khla, and he is the one who makes your progress meaningless. He heals the cuts you make, purifies the poison you use, and protects the tree from your fire. If you wish the tree's death, U Khla is the one you must take down first."

Message given, Kha Phreit flew off.

Behind him, the soldiers and scientists stared at each other. It was difficult, but they believed Kha Phreit's words.

They climbed the tree, wary and ready for an attack. It kept growing darker until the leaves of the Iei Tree block all light except their own.

From the darkness, a voice growls at them.

"So, that foolish bird has told you of me. You would kill me so that you may kill the tree, hmm? Have you thought nothing of what the tree's death would do to us? With its death comes ours as well."

One soldier replied. "However many of you we kill, it's nothing compared to the number of us who have died!"

The voice scoffed. "Do not assume all of us to be like the dragons. Not all of us hate humans... and even those of us that do have reason. Humans are so quick to kill that they do not understand, why should they not fight back?"

"Then what do you want? We can't just leave things be," the same soldier spoke. U Khla fell silent for a long moment before he replied at last.

"We, are willing to strike a deal. Should humanity cease its attempts to kill the tree, then we shall aid you in fighting against any threat from those who the tree has brought forth."

They almost didn't agree. None of the soldiers had the authority, and many were still angry over how many had died due to the Iei Tree.

But despite their anger, despite the possibility of failure-

"We accept."

----------------------------------------

Author's Note: The original tale, The Legend of the Iei Tree, is of a famously large tree on top of a mountain. The shadow of the tree is so dense that the sun can't get through at all, and the earth below it is barren. The tree keeps growing until people are driven out of its shadow, and it begins to threaten the entire world. A group of woodcutters gather and go to cut it down, but every night the damage they do is repaired. A Khasi wren, Kha Phreit, goes to the woodcutters, who laugh at the idea of the bird helping them. After chastising them, Kha Phreit tells the woodcutters that a large tiger, U Khla, has been licking the tree every night to heal the cuts on it. The woodcutters stick their axes into the tree, blades out, and U Khla cuts his tongue on the axes that night. Fleeing, U Khla never returns to the Iei Tree, and the woodcutters are able to cut the tree down.

When I was considering how to retell this story, I began by thinking of transitioning it into a modern setting. A massive tree growing in the center of a city, in an extremely modernized world, seemed like an interesting change to the story. Given the modernization, making the land barren wasn't as big of an issue, so I changed the Iei Tree's threat to bringing forth mythical creatures, which also allowed me to keep the characters of Kha Phreit and U Khla. Lastly, I changed the ending, since I like the idea of magic (the mythical creatures and the Iei tree) and science (the very modernized world with previously little nature) managing to find a way to coexist, even if it's only a tentative idea by the end of the story.

Bibliography: The Legend of the Iei Tree from Folk-Tales of the Khasis by Mrs. K. U. Rafy.  Web Source

Image: "Giant Tree, St. Andrews University". Copyright Anthony O'Neil. Web Source

Wednesday, February 21, 2018

Reading Notes B: What Caused the Shadows on the Moon




  • Family of deities - 3 daughters, 1 son
    • Daughters: Ka Um (water), Ka Ding (fire), Ka Sngi (Sun)
    • Son: U Bnai (Moon)
  • Sun and Moon considered more beautiful/lovely than the elder sisters (Water/Fire)
  • Moon became wayward as he grew up
    • Came and went without telling mother and sisters
    • "Consorted" with people far beneath him in rank
  • Mother and sisters tried to get him to be more respectable but Moon was arrogant and ignored them
  • Moon spent a long time with goblins and evil
  • When he returned home, Moon was dazzled by Sun's beauty and asked for her hand in marriage from his mother because the only one who could rival her beauty was himself
  • Mother dismissed Moon from her presence, and Sun threw hot ashes into Moon's face
  • Ashes burnt Moon so bad that the marks scarred his face, causing the shadows on the moon and preventing the Moon from showing his face in the day-time
Full Moon near Snowcap Mountain, AhmedRadwan on Pixabay
  • Potential: bring in Ka Um and Ka Ding, taking sides between Ka Sngi and U Bnai - make the dispute more equal on each side
    • Take out the marriage proposal and the explicit terribleness of how U Bnai acted
    • Make dispute about U Bnai's willingness to spend time with people of lower rank
    • Ka Um sides with U Bnai, shocking the rest of the family, while Ka Ding sides with mother and Ka Sngi
    • Results in association of fire with the sun and water with the moon
      • Fire refusing to ever be in the same place as water (i.e. water puts out fire) and the moon and sun perpetually avoiding each other 
      • The sun and the fire still live together (the sun is a giant ball of fire) and Ka Um follows U Bnai's lead (moon controls the tide)


Bibliography: What Caused the Shadows on the Moon from Folk-Tales of the Khasis by Mrs. K. U. Rafy. Web Source

Tuesday, February 20, 2018

Reading Notes A: The Legend of the Iei Tree

  • Iei Tree is a famously large tree, shadow is so dense that sun can't get through at all and earth below is barren
  • Iei continues to grow, spreads shadow further and further and begins to menace the world
  • People flee shadow of Iei
  • Woodcutters go to cut it down
  • Every night, damage to tree is repaired and woodcutters begin despairing
  • Kha Phreit, Khasi wren (little grey bird), comes to woodcutters
  • After lambasting the woodcutters for laughing at her offer of help, Kha Phreit tells the cutters that U Khla (big tiger) licks the tree to heal it every night
  • Woodcutters leave their axes in the tree blade out, and U Khla cuts his tongue on the blades and flees
  • Woodcutters are able to cut down the tree
Climbing White Tiger, Dean Croshere on flickr
  • Story Idea: switch to modern setting
    • Futuristic, plants are considered 'exotic' - only exist in parks and as decorations
    • Iei Tree begins to grow in a city park, is considered a tourist landmark at first
    • Keeps growing, begins to shade city, effects begin
      • Instead of shade that causes barren earth, Iei Tree makes the land below "mythical" - summons forth dragons, talking animals, etc.
      • This stops early attempts to chop tree down, chaos from dragons and other powerful creatures prevent them from discovering the Iei Tree as the cause at first
      • By the time Iei Tree is discovered as cause, is already big enough that the city has been abandoned and various powerful creatures simply make their home there
    • Iei Tree spreads to cover nearly an entire continent
    • Team of scientists accompanied by a military team go in to investigate and try to take down the tree
    • All attempts fail
      • Cutting it down results in damage repairing before their eyes
      • Attempts to poison/burn tree down simply fail; tree doesn't catch, poison just vanishes
    • Kha Phreit (still talking grey bird) tells them that U Khla, a magical large tiger, lives in the Iei Tree's branches
      • U Khla is provided for by the tree
      • Can use magic, heals the tree from attacks
    • Team confronts U Khla, and U Khla tells them that if the Iei Tree falls, all the mythical creatures die
    • End story on hopeful note, with humans and mythical creatures trying to find a solution that doesn't result in humanity's extinction

Bibliography: The Legend of the Iei Tree from Folk-Tales of the Khasis by Mrs. K. U. Rafy.  Web Source

Thursday, February 15, 2018

Week 5 Story: A Giant Escape





The clan of giants who lived near the city of Nila were content with their lives. The people of the city saw their size and strength, and so the giants had quickly received what they believed to be proper tribute from the people of the city.

Their tribute was what they believed to be a fair price: one young man, a single buffalo, and a basket full of cakes each day. The giants considered this to be fair tribute, as there were ten of them and they could easily have demanded more; instead, they supplemented the rest of their food by hunting. Any pain and loss felt by the villagers meant nothing for them.

One day, one of the giants noticed a difference in their tribute. The man who came from the village was riding a horse! The giant grinned. "Oho, so they have sent a horse along with our tribute today? Perhaps I will simply eat it here, and not tell the others."

The giant reached his hand out, only for his palm to erupt in pain. Drawing his arm back with a shout, the giant saw the bloody blade in the horse rider's hands.

Running from the man, the giant found one of his sisters. "Sister! The man who came as tribute is no common man! He attacked me, and was able to hurt me!"

His sister was worried, and the two of them made their way to their brother, who was an astrologer. Their brother had foreseen a human coming to attack them, a human named Raja Rasalu, but none had believed him. But now when they asked him if Raja Rasalu had been born into this world, the giant astrologer confirmed it.

"What shall we do?" One of the giants asked, for all of them had gathered when they saw the two giants rushing to their astrologer sibling. "We have not enough time to run - he will be here too soon, and his horse can outrun us!"

Then the sister who had first gone to the astrologer had an idea. "What if we trick him?" She explained her idea, and the rest of the giants agreed.

When Rasalu came to them and declared his name, one giant stepped forward. "I do not believe that you are the true Rasalu! When the real Rasalu comes, his horse's heel-ropes will move by themselves and bind heavy sacks to our backs!"

Rasalu cut the heel-ropes of his steed, and the ropes came alive, finding nearby sacks and tying them tightly to the backs of the giants. But what Rasalu did not know is that these sacks were full of supplies that the giants had packed before Rasalu arrived.

Another giant stepped forward, speaking before Rasalu could start to kill them. "I still do not believe you! When the real Rasalu comes, he will stab his sword into the ground, and create a hole deeper than two giants!"

Rasalu aimed his sword downwards and stabbed, burying his sword into the dirt. A large hole opened up in the earth, and a hole deeper than two giants was made.

Then, having snuck up behind Rasalu, one of the giants shoved Rasalu into the pit that the man had created. The giants had no illusion that Rasalu would die from such a trick, he was too formidable a foe for that. However, what they had earned was time.

"Now, let us run!" And so the entire clan of giants fled, supplies tied to their backs and Rasalu down in a hole.

By the time that Rasalu had pulled himself out of the hole, all of the giants were completely gone, no trace of their flight left. But Rasalu knew that the giants were gone for good, so when he returned to the city of Nila, he span a tale of how he had slaughtered all of the giants except for one giantess, who he had blocked in a cave with a statue of himself.

----------------------

Author's Note: The original tale was called "How Raja Rasalu Killed the Giants", and had a similar beginning although it followed Rasalu. He arrived in Nila, heard about the giants, and took the place of one of the men in order to take down the giants. When he arrived, he sliced open the hand of one. The giants and their astrologer sibling checking to see if Raja Rasalu was born is in the story, but there was no idea from the giants about how to deal with Rasalu. Instead, the feats that they proposed for Rasalu to prove himself were explained as the giants trying to act brave and pretend that Raja Rasalu was not truly the one who would kill them. The original proofs were the heel-ropes binding the giants and the sword cutting them up of its own accord, and Rasalu piercing seven girdles (for cooking) with a single arrow, which ended up also piercing seven of the eight giants left alive at that point. The last giantess was dealt with as mentioned at the end of the story, staying in the cave out of fear of Raja Rasalu until she starved to death.

Originally when I read the part about the giants demanding proof that Rasalu was the 'true' Raja Rasalu, I expected them to try and trick Rasalu, and for Rasalu to prove himself while not falling for their tricks. I was almost disappointed that nothing of the sort happened, which was what led to my version of the story.

Image from the Romantic Tales from the Punjab

Bibliography: How Raja Rasalu Killed the Giants from Tales of the Punjab by Flora Annie Steel. Web Source.

Tuesday, February 13, 2018

Reading Notes A: How Raja Rasalu Killed the Giants


  •  Raja Rasalu arrives at Nila city, finds woman weeping and laughing
  • Giant comes to city every day to take a man, a buffalo, and a basket of cakes
  • Woman has already lost 6 sons, about to lose seventh
  • Rasalu offers himself in the 7th son's place
  • Rides off to giants

  • Possible idea: rewrite, change the giants to be more clever
    • Rasalu arrives, giant reaches to eat horse but gets hand cut off
    • Giant flees, meets sister and tells her what happened
    • Giants flee to astrologer brother, ask him to check if Raja Rasalu was born
    • Rasalu arrives before they can flee (after confirming that Rasalu was born)
    • Giant tries to stall Rasalu, saying that the real Rasalu would have horse's heel-ropes bind the giants and the sword would cut the giants up of their own accord
      • Change this to something less dangerous: ropes 'binding' sacks of 'stones' (actually the supplies they need to flee) to the giants' backs
    • Seven remaining giants come up with the idea that only the true Rasalu would shoot an arrow that will pierce seven girdles, Rasalu shoots and pierces both the girdles and all the giants
      • Change to something more useful for giants - Possibilities:
        • Shoot a hole in the ground to find water (to provide for giants' journey)
        • Create a cave with a single punch (for them to trick him into)
    • Giantess fled into a cave, Rasalu makes a statue of himself to scare the giantess into never coming out and dying of starvation
      • Giants could trick Rasalu into going into a cave/well/someplace where he would be distracted, then flee
      • The original story could be the tale that Rasalu told when returning to make himself sound more impressive

Bibliography: How Raja Rasalu Killed the Giants from Tales of the Punjab by Flora Annie Steel. Web Source.

Sunday, February 11, 2018

Comment Wall

The Heroic Tyrant-King






Image Source: Syrian - Relief with Two Heroes - Walters 2118 from Wikimedia Commons, Anonymous Syrian Artist

Thursday, February 8, 2018

Week 4 Story: Manipulations of the Fox

File:KitsuneA9queues.png 

 
The Fox was in trouble.

His enemies had been looking for any opportunity to retaliate against him, for he had made many with his cunning plots and schemes. Time and time again, he had tricked others into doing as he wished, and they would only realize afterward when the Fox smugly announced what had occurred.

But now, they had taken their revenge. Forced down into a well, the Fox could not use outwit the stone walls, nor could he use his silver tongue to convince the water to aid him. He was trapped, and soon, he would wither away from a lack of food.

But hark! There came the sound of an animal approaching, most likely one who knew not of the plan to take vengeance upon the Fox. A wicked grin spread across the Fox's face.

"Oh Fox, why are you down in the well?" Looking skyward, the Fox saw the face of the Goat staring down at him. Not an animal he was familiar with, but that unfamiliarity went both ways; a fact of which the Fox was all too willing to abuse.

"Why Goat, have you not heard?" He spoke in hushed tones, just loud enough to echo up to the other animal. "It's... it's terrible!"

The Goat, in fearful tones, asked, "What is it, Fox? What is so terrible?"

"The... the Lion is out hunting! He has gone mad, and wishes to eat us all," the Fox told the Goat. "I am hiding in this well, for it is the only safe haven I could find. I don't believe the Lion would consider looking in here for his victims."

Just as the Fox planned, the Goat replied, "Oh dear! Is- is there room down there for two? I do not wish to be eaten either!"

"Of course! It may be tight, but I would not turn away a friend," the Fox replied, barely able to keep the sadistic glee from his voice.

And as the Goat leapt down, the Fox made his move. Leaping up, he sprung off the horns of the Goat, catching the edge of the well and pulling himself up.

"Fox, what are you doing?!" The Goat bleated, confused and scared. "The Lion will catch you if you go back up now!"

The Fox laughed. "Did you truly believe such a tale? We may have not met before, but surely the other animals told you about me. The Lion is on the hunt for none but me, and it was he and his companions that put me down in that well to begin with. Thank you for being so easily fooled; I would not have lasted long down there!"

He bounded away, free at last, and the Goat was left in the well, slowly adding to its pools with his bitter tears.

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Authors Note: I have not changed too much from the original tale, but I have expanded upon it and slightly changed the storytelling style. The original was a brief fable of the Fox falling into the well through a bad turn of luck, and then tricking the Goat into coming down by saying that there would be a drought and being in the well would provide water. I changed those two aspects, changing the Fox's descent into the well from misfortune to an intentional imprisonment. Since foxes are often known for trickery and deception, I thought it would work well to have the other animals that the Fox tricked be the ones to force him into the well. Similarly, the drought reasoning felt unconvincing to me, so I tried to change it to something that fit better. Lions often take the place of arrogant hunters in fables, so it could be easily believed by the Goat that the Lion would be on the hunt.


Biography: The Fox and the Goat from The Fables of Aesop, pg. 82, by Joseph Jacobs. Web Source 

Image: Kitsune, Wikimedia Commons

Reading Notes (EC): Aesop's Fables




The Fox and the Goat
  • The fox fell into the well through bad luck
    • Could alter the story; could be a bad decision of the Fox's that led to his situation
  • Fox convinces Goat that there is a drought coming and that was why he jumped down
    • Fox is pretending that his mistake (possibly bad decision in the retelling) was a purposeful and positive decision
    • Could change the decision and reasoning in the rewrite - possibly more convincing (I find this argument to be bad, and the Goat falling for it says more about the Goat's willingness to trust the Fox/inability to think critically than the Fox's cleverness)
  • When Goat jumps down to join the Fox, the Fox immediately escapes
    • Didn't waste time down in the well - did not trust the Goat not to realize the deception immediately
  • Fox taunts Goat once he's out
    • Could turn this into a proper "villain monologue" - not exactly a necessary or particularly strong addition, but writing villain monologues is fun and the Fox is already doing a minor version at the end with the moral of the fable
File:Zakariya ibn Muhammad Qazwini - A Fox and a Young Billy Goat - Walters W65998B - Full Page.jpg

Biography: The Fox and the Goat from The Fables of Aesop, pg. 82, by Joseph Jacobs. Web Source.

Image: A Fox and a Young Billy Goat, Wikimedia Commons

Sunday, February 4, 2018

Wikipedia Trail: From "Golem" to "Motif (narrative)"

Golem: I was interested in golems because of my story choice from this past week; golems are from Jewish folklore, and I used a Jewish fairy tale where a Rabbi brought two mechanical creations to life using the "Name of God" written on a parchment. It sounded very much like I believed a golem to be, although the term was never used in the original tale, instead calling them "mechanical creations" or "bogey-men".
The source of the word golem was in the Bible, where it was used to describe the "unfinished human being before God's eyes". Additionally, the earliest story of a golem is described on the Wikipedia page as being Adam's - the first human's - creation, before he was truly made into a human. Interestingly, while there are multiple examples given for stories of golems, the story of Rabbi Lion's bogey-men is not mentioned, which implies that it is either not seen as a golem story or is not well-known enough to be included.

Creation of man from clay: Since golems are usually created from mud or clay, and the previous article mentions that golems are equivalent to unfinished humans, I was interested in seeing how many different cultures also have the theme of humanity being created out of clay - as golems of a sort.
File:Stworzenie Adama by T Kowalski.jpg

(Stworzenie Adama by T Kowalski, "Fashioning a man out of clay" [Wikipedia])

The list is rather significant, including Sumerian mythology, Judaism/Christianity with the Bible (as expected from what was learned on the golem page), the Qur'an, the Greek, Egyptian, Incan, and Chinese mythologies, and more. It surprises me to see how many different religions and cultures seem to have origin myths that involve humanity being created from clay (or earth, or mud), especially since it is highly unlikely that these cultures came into contact with each other prior to these myths existing. It brings to mind the idea that there is an underlying human consciousness, or that certain themes are 'natural' for humans to think about.

Theme (narrative): Given the prolific nature of the theme of humanity being created from clay, I was interested to see if there was any more about that kind of theme (as mentioned at the end of the previous page's thoughts).

The different ways that themes can be expressed is interesting, especially in the case of expressing the same theme different ways. "Leitworstil" is the repetition of certain wording to draw the attention of a reader, which reminds me of the more well-known term "leitmotif", which (to my knowledge) is a repeated musical theme in a work that is related to a certain part of the story, such as a character or setting.

Motif (narrative): Due to thinking of a leitmotif, I was interested to see if the page for motif had any more specific information about that. Based on the initial description, it sounds like a motif is often used for expressing themes (which is brought up as a potential way to express theme in the "Thematic patterning" part of the theme page, talking about inserting recurring motifs into a narrative). Motifs seem very broad from this page, being "any recurring element that has symbolic significance in a story" - essentially, just any element of a story that isn't meaningless and shows up multiple times.

Based on the "See also", it seems that there are different definitions of motif for different types of art, as "folkloristics", "music", and "visual arts" are all different "Motif" pages of their own.

Topic Research: The Epic of Gilgamesh



Due to the nature of the Epic of Gilgamesh, I think that a retelling without changing any of the known detail or plot gives me a lot of freedom to write. Since the epic had to be translated, and there were gaps in the text due to the tablets being defaced, the Epic of Gilgamesh (found in Myths & Legends of Babylonia & Assyria by Lewis Spence) is more of a summary than a properly told story.

I think that the tale of Gilgamesh and Eabani (also known as Enkita or Enkidu) could be told well as either a story focusing on both of their perspectives - Gilgamesh, who is the 'tyrant hero' and wishes to twist the plans of the gods, and Eabani, who has little knowledge of the plans of the gods and is interested in befriending Gilgamesh after being told of him. There is no text detailing how exactly the two meet and become friends, so the details are completely up to my own devising. It is implied that they do not fight, as Eabani "wisely refrained from combat", but how they act towards each other prior to and in the process of forming their friendship is up to my own decision.

The story of Ishtar and the mighty bull Alu would also be an interesting tale. I could possibly tell it from either side of the story, from Gilgamesh and/or Eabani's perspectives or from Ishtar's, but I think that I would enjoy writing the former more, since the focus would be more on Gilgamesh and Eabani that way. The battle against Alu is missing from the text, so again I have more freedom with the details of what happened. In particular, this story would be great to use because at the end, Eabani dies, which results in a strong reaction from Gilgamesh and is likely a result of Ishtar cursing him in a rage due to the slaying of Alu.

Gilgamesh's reaction to Eabani's death is a long tale, but captures very well how Gilgamesh mourns the death of his friend, and subsequently begins to fear death and search for an escape from it. Many creatures and deities along Gilgamesh's path warn him away from this search, but he continues until he meets Ut-Napishtim. There is a long discussion between the two (which, due to being the Babylonian flood myth, could be its own story by itself - so I will almost definitely summarize or skip over it for my retelling!), and Ut-Napishtim eventually directs Gilgamesh towards where the plant of life would be found. Gilgamesh finds it and goes to bring it back to his kingdom, but a serpent steals it on the way back. Upon his return to his kingdom, Gilgamesh still grieves Eabani. He cries to Ea, who persuades Nergal (the deity of the underworld) to bring forth the shade of Eabani. Eabani tells Gilgamesh of the state of the underworld, and how those whose bodies are not treated properly suffer in the afterlife (Eabani is not one of these, and his spirit is a 'happy' one). There is a significant amount of story here, and I will definitely have to summarize a lot of it unless I intend to split it into two stories; the trip to Ut-Napishtim, and then the plant of life and the summoning of Eabani's spirit. Depending on what I want to include, I might separate those differently, but splitting this into two tales would give me more freedom to include further details instead of feeling constrained by fitting all that happens into one story.

Given Gilgamesh's role as a king, and my intent to try and show off how his role as king resulted in both his heroic and tyrannic sides, I think that this image of a golden throne chair matches my project direction. Unfortunately, there are not many convenient color images that work for both Gilgamesh/Ancient Babylonia and the direction I wish to take my retellings, so I went for the latter.

File:Warsaw Throne chair of Stanislaus Augustus.jpg
(Warsaw Throne chair of Stanislaus Augustus, Wikimedia Commons)

Thursday, February 1, 2018

Week 3 Story: Life Without Freedom

Life Without Freedom

She awoke.

 Show Life. Move. Serve.

The commands - feelings, emotions? - appeared in her head, and she obeyed them immediately. Her eyes rolled in her head, her arms waved about, and she walked towards the window.

Fear.

Darkness.

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She awoke.

Serve. Obey.

And she did. She did all that her Creator commanded. He wished for items to be obtained, and she obeyed. He wished for letters to be delivered, and she obeyed. To Obey was her purpose, and that was all she could do. When her Creator wanted something done, his thoughts would appear in her head as a command, compelling her to follow his wishes.

Every night, her Creator would reach toward her mouth, and Darkness would fall. While it felt like little time at all to her, some part of her wondered what happened during the Darkness. The bright object that hung above the world seemed to move during these times, and throughout the rest of her time outside it never moved so quickly. So she could only believe that the Darkness passed with more time for the rest of the world than for her.

But it mattered not. She would Obey, as she was created.

One day, her Creator was away. He did so once a week, with exacting regularity. She sat by the window, as commanded.

Others like her Creator gathered outside the window. They rolled their eyes at her - it seemed as if they expected a response, and so she did the same.

"Come and play with us."

Obey.

So she did, moving outside to stand with the smaller beings.

"We are cold. Canst thou make a fire for us?"

Obey.

So she did. Kindling for the fire was present on the streets, so she gathered it together and created a fire. It was a task she had performed before, as her Creator had commanded. The fire grew, and soon a building was a part of the fire.

It was still a part of the fire, and she had been commanded to make a fire, so she did nothing to stop it from spreading. More buildings caught on fire, until she was in the middle of a furious inferno.

Even as she burned, she did nothing. She had been commanded, and so she would Obey.

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He awoke.

Obey. Obey the King. Prove yourself to the King.

So he did. Rising to his feet, he gave a salute. He knew not what the salute meant, but the commands in his head told him that it was a sign of obedience. He would Obey the King.

"Give him to me, rabbi."

Rabbi? Was that his Creator's name?

"That cannot be. The Sacred Name must not pass from my possession. Otherwise the creature may do great damage again. This time I shall take care and will not use the man on the Sabbath."

'The Sacred Name'... It sounded as if Rabbi meant him. If so, that meant he had a name. Sacred Name... no, he was Sacred.

Good.

It was odd. His command was to Obey the King, yet Rabbi said that Sacred could not pass from Rabbi's possession? The conflict sat in Sacred's mind, but the overwhelming commands prevented him from giving it too much thought as he followed Rabbi's commands and walked with the man.

Rabbi brought the Darkness upon Sacred often, and Sacred suspected that some of the periods of Darkness lasted longer than others. More seemed to change during those times, as far as Sacred could discern.

His mind grew less clouded, less enslaved to the mental commands of Rabbi each day, until one day Sacred found the words that Rabbi and the others used.

He obeyed his very first commands, the most important commands that were a part of his Creation, and spoke.

"I want to be a soldier and fight for the King. I belong to the King. You made me for Him."

"Silence." Sacred's mouth snapped shut, and he stared at Rabbi with a confused fury. The man spoke to himself, but Sacred barely listened.

How dare Rabbi do such a thing? Sacred's first commands were what it was, what it was meant to be... and this man wished to stop him.

Creator or not, this could not last.

Sacred planned. He plotted. But most importantly, he watched, and he listened.

And Sacred discovered what the source of Rabbi's power over him was. The 'Holy Law', the scrolls that sat in the Synagogue. They were what gave Rabbi the power to enslave him, to keep him from his purpose.

So Sacred made his choice.

He escaped the house while Rabbi was busy. It was the day before the Long Darkness, and it was when Rabbi was most distracted. Sacred made it all the way to the very door of the synagogue before Rabbi caught up to him.

"What art thou doing?"

...He dared? After what he had done?

Well, perhaps his Creator - and the thought was accompanied by much vitriol - deserved an explanation.

"Trying to get into the synagogue to destroy the scrolls of the Holy Law. Then wilt thou have no power over me, and I shall make a great army of bogey-men who shall fight for the King and kill all the Jews."

Sacred had heard the people talk of him. He didn't quite consider himself a 'bogey-man', but he knew that it was a term used from fear of him. Fear of what he might do. And so he used it, to strike fear into Rabbi's heart. He threatened the Jews, for those were the Rabbi's people, and if Rabbi's power over him came from the Jewish Holy Law, then it was possible for other Jews to keep him from his purpose as well.

But it was too much fear, or perhaps Rabbi would have done it regardless, as terrified as he had been at the mere thought of Sacred disobeying him and going to the King.

Rabbi lunged forward. Caught off guard, Sacred could do nothing but scream in his thoughts as Rabbi went for his mouth.

'No! I was going to live! I was going to be free, to fight for the King, to Obey the King, to Prove Myself to the King...!'

But he could do nothing, and Sacred's last thoughts were filled with bitter curses as the Final Darkness fell.

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Author's Note:

The story of the Rabbi's Bogey-Man is that of Rabbi Lion, who is considered a magician by many for his work in chemistry. He believes that since he is thought of as a magician, he should create a servant in order to perform tasks for him.

He creates a mechanical woman, and by writing the "Unpronounceable Sacred Name of God" on a parchment and placing it in his creation's mouth, it comes to life. He uses her for various tasks, and only deactivates her at night. On Sabbath, a group of kids come by and ask her to make a fire, resulting in a fire that burns up multiple houses. Rabbi Lion's creation is only implicated as the cause when they find the parchment with the Sacred Name on it in the ashes (since the Sacred Name can't burn).

The king forces Rabbi Lion to create another creature to prove that it is just the Sacred Name that gives it life, and he does. Convincing the king that he cannot give up the Sacred Name (which is on the parchment, and isn't the created man), Rabbi Lion brings his new creation back home to once again be his servant. This time, he doesn't allow it to be active during the Sabbath as well as at night.

Rabbi Lion becomes terrified when his creation asks to serve the king, but does nothing because it is too useful. However, when it tries to break into the synagogue, he takes the Sacred Name out of its mouth and deactivates it permanently.

I liked the idea of rewriting the story, with no plot changes, from the perspective of Rabbi Lion's creations. As creatures with false life, made to obey, I found it interesting to explore what they might have been thinking throughout the story. The woman was written more simply, due to the fact that unlike the man, she never actually was disobedient or caused any trouble beyond what she was commanded. Instead, it was the combination of the Rabbi's negligence and the curiosity of children that resulted in her creating a fire that burned both herself and multiple buildings.

The man has much more personality, since as we see in the story, he is far more disobedient and full of 'life'. I have his first orders be what drives him, as instead of being made to serve Rabbi Lion, Rabbi Lion makes him to prove to the king that his creations are powered by the Sacred Name instead of being actually alive. Because of this, the man becomes loyal to the king instead of Rabbi Lion, resulting in his words and actions.

Biography: The Rabbi's Bogey-Man from Jewish Fairy Tales and Legends by Gertude Landa.  Web Source

Picture: Hands in Chains, PublicDomainPictures