Thursday, May 3, 2018

Week 15 Reading EC: The Wicked Prince


  • Wicked prince wanted to conquer every country in the world
  • Used fired and sword to attack countries, soldiers damaged crops and destroyed homes
  • Soldiers did terrible things to people
    • Implied that they raped women fleeing with their children
  • Prince believed that everything he did was right and that everything was going well
  • Prince enslaved the kings of the countries he conquered
    • Chained to his chariot when he drove through the city
    • Forced to kneel at his feet when he ate at the table
  • Prince wanted his statues built everywhere, including churches
  • Priests opposed this, saying God was more powerful than the prince
  • Prince: "Well, then I will conquer God too."
  • Ordered an airship built; colorful and covered in "eyes" that were actually gun barrels
    • Eagles propelled it in the air
  • God sent a single angel against the ship
  • Prince's bullets bounced off of the angel's wings
  • Single drop of blood from angel's wings dropped onto the ship and weighed it down, sending it crashing down into a large tree
  • Prince spent seven years building a fleet of airships
  • God sent a swarm of gnats that swarmed the prince; prince swung at the gnats with his sword, but it hit nothing
  • Prince tried to cover up, but a gnat got inside the coverings and stung the prince's ear
  • Soldiers mocked the prince who wanted to make war with God
Bibiliography: The Wicked Prince from Fairy Tales and Stories by Hans Christian Andersen. Web Source.

Image: Fire in a Village by Egbert van der Poel, from Wikimedia Commons. Web Source.

Wednesday, May 2, 2018

Week 15 Reading B: The Fiddler in Hell




  • Moujik with three sons had enough money to fill two pots
    • Buried one in his corn-kiln
    • Buried other under his farmyard's gate
  • Moujik died without telling anyone about the money
  • Fiddler was headed to a festival in the village when he sank into the earth and into hell
  • Fiddler met the moujik, who confesses that he is in hell because he had much money and gave none to the poor
  • Moujik tells Fiddler that if he sits on the stove behind the chimney-pipe and eats nothing for 3 years, he will be safe from torture
  • Fiends come and beat up the moujik
  • After fiends leave, the moujik tells the fiddler to tell his children where the pots are and to distribute them among the poor
  • More fiends arrive and notice a 'Russian smell'
    • Moujik tries to mislead them, but they go and find the Fiddler
  • Fiddler is forced to fiddle for 3 years
  • Fiddler talks about his fiddle-strings usually snapping, and they snap when he says "May the Lord grant us his blessing"
    • The Lord is granting his blessing by snapping the strings and allowing Fiddler a chance to escape
  • Fiends try to replace strings, but Fiddler repeats the phrase and the strings snap again
  • Fiddler asks to go get his strings from home, but fiends are wary of him trying to escape
    • Fiddler allows them to send a fiend with them
  • Fiddler and fiend return to the village, where the fiddler finds the moujik's children and tells them about the pots of gold
  • The children distribute the money, but it increases as they give it away
  • Emperor ordered a bridge to be built to make a much shorter path to a town, which finally empties the pots of gold
  • A child was born who didn't eat or drink for 3 years and had an angel with him
  • When the child came to the bridge, he said "God grant the kingdom of heaven to him at whose cost it was built!"
  • The Lord heard the prayer and ordered his angels to release the moujik


Bibliography: The Fiddler in Hell from Russian Fairy Tales by W. R. S. Ralston. Web Source.

Image: Pot of Gold from Pixabay by TeroVesalainen. Web Source.

Tuesday, May 1, 2018

Week 15 Reading A: The Treasure







  • Old man whose wife dies, wants to bury her but has no money
  • Pope refuses to help unless old man can pay
  • Old man attempts to dig a grave himself for his wife, finds a pot full of gold coins
  • He paid for everything necessary for his wife's grave and memorial
  • Pope was suspicious and jealous of the old man's sudden prosperity, and questions the old man about how he found the money
  • Pope skins a goat and has his wife sew it up around him
  • Pope goes to old man's house and pretends to be the Devil, pretends that the pot was the Devil's money
  • Old man throws money outside, pope takes it and returns home
  • When wife tries to cut the goatskin off of him, it was a part of him
  • Nothing worked to remove the goatskin, not even returning the money to the old man

Bibliography: The Treasure from Russian Fairy Tales by W. R. S. Ralston. Web Source.

Image: Devil Baphomet Statue from PxHere. Web Source.

Wednesday, April 25, 2018

Week 14 Reading B: A Clever Lass

  • Shepherd finds a golden mortar and wants to give to the king
    • Daughter says that the king will want a pestle, which shepherd doesn't have
  • Shepherd gives mortar to king and he gives shepherd 3 days to give pestle
  • Shepherd laments, telling king about his daughter's words
  • King says he will marry the shepherd's daughter and not ask for the pestle if she comes to him:
    • Neither walking nor riding
    • Neither clothed nor unclothed
    • Neither by day nor by night/at noon nor in the morning
  • Daughter goes to king at the fall of dusk (not noon or morning), dressed in fishnets (neither clothed nor unclothed), partly rode on the goat and partly walked
  • King married her but told her that she must part with him if she gives advice to anybody
  • One day a farmer's mare had a foal at the market and the foal ran away to another farmer
  • King decided that since every animal runs to its mother, that the gelding had the foal instead
  • Queen told farmer in secret to take a fishing net and fish the road in front of the king
    • When the king asked why the farmer was doing it, queen told the farmer to respond "It's as hopeful as expecting a gelding to foal"
  • Farmer does so, but king realizes that someone else told him to do so
    • Interrogated farmer until he gave up the queen's name
  • King told the queen she must leave the next day, but could take the thing she like best with her
  • Queen puts opium in king's wine, tells him to drink to her health, and then takes king back to her father's old hut
  • When king wakes, queen tells him that she took him as the thing she liked best
  • King relented and told her she could give advice to anybody


Bibliography: A Clever Lass from The Key of Gold by Josef Baudis. Web Source.

Image:  Gold Mortar by valdist torms. Web Source.

Week 14 Reading A: The Waternick




  •  Two children with a widowed mother
  • Children sent off to get firewood, used wool thread to mark the trail home
  • Wild creatures broke the thread and they were lost in the forest
  • Found a pond and walked around it
  • Waternick finds children, takes them to his home by force
  • Waternick and his wife enslave the children as servants and put them to work for years
  • When Waternick leaves to catch human souls one day, wife falls asleep and children realize that they can try to escape
    • First attempt to run while she sleeps fails, she catches them
      • Waternick then puts the children to work felling trees, but the tools he gives them break
      • Waternick forgets to give them another task for the next day
    • Children release all the souls that the Waternicks caught
    • Next attempt to escape works, and children get out of the pond before the wife catches them
  • Children fall asleep and forester finds them, returns them to their mother
  • Happy ending, live together for the rest of their lives


Bibliography: The Waternick from The Key of Gold by Josef Baudis. Web Source.


Image: Underwater view in Dumbea river in the vicinity of Nakutakoin from IHA. Web Source.

Friday, April 20, 2018

Week 13 Story: The Contest of Trickery

When the Sheriff of Nottingham set up a contest of archery, all of the outlaws of Sherwood Forest knew that Robin Hood would take the bait. It was most obviously a trap, and David of Doncaster confirmed this for them.

But if they could not convince their fearless leader to not attend the archery competition - and they could not, for he would call any who did so a coward - then perhaps there was another plan they could convince him to follow.

The day of the archery contest came, and all of Robin Hood's men attended as participants. Each of them wore a hooded cloak, knowing that without proper cause, the Sheriff would not dare to force everyone to reveal themselves for fear of his citizens losing their trust in him.


Arrows flew, and one hooded figure in particular was astounding. Every shot was within the center rings, and even though the second place contestant came close, it was the hooded figure in red who took the competition.

The Sheriff of Nottingham came to greet the victor with a sickly sweet smile. He requested that the victor remove their hood, so that they could be properly awarded with the prize. But when the hood came down, the Sheriff was astounded to see that it was not Robin Hood at all! Instead of the outlaw, it was simply a skilled archer from out of town, who had heard of the contest and journeyed to take part.

Disappointed at his failure to lure out Robin Hood, the Sheriff went to give the victor his prize: an arrow with a golden head and a silver shaft.

However, instead of the arrow, the Sheriff found an archery target in its place. It was the target of the second place archer, and the arrows upon it formed a pattern: an "H" made up of arrows. The Sheriff raged at the sight, for it was clear to him what had happened.

Robin Hood had thrown the competition, purposefully avoiding a perfect score and allowing the other man to win. Instead, he chose to make his shots into a letter representing his name. It both identified him to the Sheriff after the fact, and proved that his accuracy was superior to the victor. And then the outlaw had claimed the prize that he would have received had he shot true, and left his target as a message.

While he did not officially win the archery competition that day, Robin Hood won in all the ways that mattered. He outplayed the Sheriff at trickery, escaping the trap set for him, and he made off with the prize with which the Sheriff had baited the trap. Yet another victory for Robin Hood over his nemesis, the Sheriff of Nottingham!

Author's Notes:

In the original story, the Sheriff's plan failed because Robin Hood and his men attended in hooded cloaks, and so the Sheriff and his men could not see them. Robin Hood then won the competition and took home the golden arrow, letting the Sheriff know of his failure by shooting a message via arrow into the town.

It seemed odd to me that the Sheriff would not be wary of people hiding themselves in a trap he set for Robin Hood, so I had both the Sheriff and Robin Hood do more with the plan. The Sheriff knew Robin Hood could win the archery competition, so he decided to unmask whoever won in order to catch Robin Hood, relying on the outlaw's pride. However, Robin Hood and his men managed to outsmart the Sheriff. By shooting a specific pattern into his target, Robin Hood proved that his accuracy was superior to the other archers without becoming the actual victor of the contest. Then, when the Sheriff was distracted with the winner, he stole the prize and left his target as a message. The end result is very similar to the original, with Robin Hood escaping with the golden arrow, but it attributes a bit more cunning to both sides.

Bibliography: Robin Hood and the Golden Arrow from The English and Scottish Popular Ballads by Francis James Child. Web Source.

Image: Archery Target on pixabay. Web Source.

Thursday, April 19, 2018

Week 13 Extra Credit Reading: The Golden Arrow


  • Sheriff of Nottingham disliked Robin Hood
  • Reported to King Richard about his losses
  • King replies that Sheriff of Nottingham is the sheriff, should come up with some "tricking game" to deal with the rebels
    • There were bowmen in the outlaws, so prize would be an arrow with a golden head and silver shaft
  • Robin Hood wishes to go, but David of Doncaster tells him that the match is a trick
    • Robin Hood insists on going, calling David a coward
  • Gang disguised themselves to attend
  • Sheriff and others could not find Robin Hood among the competitors
    • Sheriff insults Robin Hood, who was irritated but did not reveal himself
  • Robin Hood won the contest, wanted to reveal to the Sheriff that he won it
    • Happened back in Greenwood
  • Little John suggested writing a letter, and Robin Hood sent it by attaching it to an arrow and shooting it into town
Bibliography: Robin Hood and the Golden Arrow from The English and Scottish Popular Ballads by Francis James Child. Web Source.

Image: Arrow Bow from pngimg. Web Source.

Wednesday, April 18, 2018

Week 13 Reading A: Robin Hood's Delight

  • Will Scarlock, Little John, and Robin Hood
    • Outlaws
    • "Men of a noble blood"
      • Simply that they were noble people, or were they formerly of the noble caste?
    • Lived in Sheerwood (Sherwood)
  • Came across 3 keepers clad in green in the forest
    • Midsummer day
  • 3 Keepers
    • King Henry's deer keepers
    • Armed with faucheons (falchions) and forest-bills (weapons)
  • Robin Hood accuses keepers of being devils
    • Likely for not letting any others hunt the deer
  • Robin Hood challenges the keepers, but they refuse
    • Keepers aren't afraid of the outlaws; keepers don't believe that they've done anything wrong
  • Robin Hood identifies himself, and keepers decide to fight
  • Outlaws are losing, Robin Hood tries to convince keepers to let him blow his bugle-horn before continuing to fight
    • Keepers don't believe it will do anything to them
    • They refuse the deal
  • Robin Hood declares that they won't fight anymore, and invites keepers to come to Nottingham with them and 'fight' there with wine
  • Outlaws and keepers go to Nottingham and drink for three days, becoming friends

Bibliography: Robin Hood's Delight from The English and Scottish Popular Ballads by Francis James Child. Web Source.

Image: Robin Hood Memorial from Wikimedia Commons. Web Source.

Thursday, April 12, 2018

Week 12 Story: The Righteous King

When Uther Pendragon died, he left no heir to take the crown of Britain.

The knights of the land all fought for his throne, forsaking their people in order to vie for power.

But in secret, Uther had left an heir behind. Arthur Pendragon, who had been spirited away at Uther's behest before his death. He had not wished for his son to be put at risk by power-hungry nobles and knights, instead having Merlin send Arthur to be raised by a good-hearted knight by the name of Ector.

Years passed, and the fights over the throne started to move from those of words to those of violence. In order to prevent blood from being spilled, Merlin summoned all the lords and gentlemen of Britain to London. There, he presented to them a sword, one trapped inside a bar of steel that rested on top of a stone.

"Whoso pulleth out this sword is by right of birth King of England."

These were both the words he spoke to them, and the words inscribed upon the stone.

Many tried to pull the sword, but all failed. Despite these failures, the knights decided that any man had a right to try to win the sword, and held a tournament. Sir Ector came to the tournament, and he brought both of his sons: Kay and Arthur.

Arthur had not been kept unaware of his birthright, and while he was not an ill-hearted boy, there was an arrogance and superiority that this knowledge had caused in him. He did not wish to have power for its own sake, but believed that it was his birthright to guide England. Upon hearing of the sword, Arthur took advantage of the tournament to make his way to the square. All others were at the tournament, and so none were there to stop him from grasping the sword. With all of his strength, Arthur pulled-

-and the sword did not budge. Stunned, Arthur tried once more. And again. And again, and again, until he was red in the face and breathless from exertion.

But the result did not change. The sword in the stone, the proof for whosoever would become king, did not move for Arthur Pendragon.

In a daze, Arthur left to go to his brother Kay.

---------------------------------------------

Later that evening, the sword was still unattended. The tournament was wrapping up nearby, and various people walked through the square, finishing up their tasks for the day and returning home.

A scream came from an alley, and frightful glances went in the direction of its source. However, no one moved to help. They did not have the strength to help, nor the courage.

Except one boy did. Artus, the son of a peasant and with nothing else to his name, knew nothing about fighting. He knew nothing about swords, or kings, or even about knights. But what he did know is that someone needed help, and the only weapon he could see was a sword sheathed in a stone.

Without hesitation, he grasped the handle of the sword and lifted it with ease.

Ignoring the gasps of those around him, Artus dashed to where the scream had come from, coming across a noble's soldier intimidating a farmer.

Without a word, Artus moved between them, aiming the sword inelegantly at the soldier. He knew he could not win, but protected the farmer regardless.

Instead of death, a stunned stare from the soldier greeted him. The soldier recognized the sword Artus held, as his lord had failed to pull it from the stone.

Artus was surprised at this, but even more so when the soldier and the farmer both knelt to him. All the other people of the town, having followed when they saw him rush off, knelt as well.

"Hail, our new king!"


--------------------------

Author's Note:

In the original tale, Arthur Pendragon is the rightful king of Britain. He is unaware of his identity, and pulls the sword from the stone when looking for a replacement sword for Kay's after Kay forgets his sword. While I like the tales of King Arthur, I like the idea that the sword would choose someone based on whether or not they deserve to be king rather than a birthright. Therefore I created Artus, whose personality is that of someone who protects those in need, and changed Arthur to be aware of his birthright, becoming slightly arrogant because of it and intentionally trying to pull the sword and become king.

Bibliography: The Drawing of the Sword from King Arthur: Tales of the Round Table by Andrew Lang. Web Source.

Image: Excalibur Sword in Stone among the Celtic Standing Stones at Glen Innes New England by denisbin on flickr. Web Source.

Wednesday, April 11, 2018

Week 12 Reading B: Sir Lancelot and the Five Hundred Knights

  • Lancelot went through the forest and met hermits after a Knight stole his horse and helm; had an adventure and got them back
  • Learned from a hermit that Galahad was his son, and that Galahad sat in the Siege Perilous at the Feast of Pentecost
    • Siege Perilous was seat at Round Table reserved for the person who would retrieve the Holy Grail, and was said to kill anyone else who would sit in it
  • Sir Lancelot then came to a castle where 500 knights fought
    • Near the castle were knights in black, and the others were knights in white
  • Since the black knights were faring worse, Lancelot joined their side
    • He always takes the side of the weak
  • White knights tired Lancelot out and took him away into the forest
  • Lancelot was shamed by his loss, and was "persuaded that [he was] more sinful than ever [he] was."
  • Rode until he reached a chapel, where a nun inquired as to his name and quest
  • Lancelot answered
  • The nun tells Lancelot that the tournament was symbolic
    • Black knights were unpurged sins while white knights were those of holiness
    • Lancelot went to aid the sinners when they were overcome, which caused his loss
    • Nun warns Lancelot of his "vain-glory" and pride
    • Tells him that "among earthly sinful Knights [he is] without peer."


Bibliography: An Adventure of Sir Lancelot from King Arthur: Tales of the Round Table by Andrew Lang. Web Source.

Image:  Combat de chevaliers dans la campagne by EugĆØne Delacroix on Wikimedia Commons. Web Source.

Tuesday, April 10, 2018

Week 12 Reading Notes A: The Drawing of the Sword





  • Uther Pendragon died without anyone to take over
  • All Knights hoped to seize the crown for themselves
    • All/most of the knights wanted power rather than to protect the people
    • Knights focused more on trying to become King than to help the people
  • Merlin rode to the Archbishop of Canterbury and summoned all the lords and gentlemen of Britain to London on Christmas
  • Large stone with a bar of steel on top with a sword inside, inscribed with the words: "Whoso pulleth out this sword is by right of birth King of England"
  • Many tried to pull the sword but failed
  • Knights decided that all had a right to try and win the sword, and held a tournament
  • Sir Ector, a Knight, brought his son Kay and foster-son Arthur
  • Kay forgot his sword and sent Arthur back for it
  • House was locked up and Arthur couldn't get in, so he went and took the sword in the stone
    • Somehow Arthur was unaware that the sword was the sword of selection?
  • Arthur brings sword to Kay, who brings it to his father Ector
  • After Ector is told of what happened and Arthur returns the sword and draws it again, he and Kay kneel for Arthur
  • They tell the Archbishop, and prove the feat to him and everyone who comes to watch (on Candlemas, when more Knights and others are present)
  • Arthur is crowned king

  • For story: Make the person who pulls out the sword not Arthur
    • Instead of right of birth, Merlin makes the sword go to the person who is most fit to lead the country
    • Arthur is aware of what the sword is
      • Ector knew of Arthur's heritage and told him, so Arthur believed that he was the rightful king
      • Instead of taking the sword for Kay, he takes advantage of everyone being gone and tries to pull the sword
      • Fails
      • Arthur doesn't want power for power's sake, but still believes it is his birthright and is confused at the failure
    • Another named Artus is the true ruler
      • Artus is in the square later that evening
      • Hears someone getting assaulted nearby, draws sword and goes to protect them
      • Many see him pull the sword and follow, watching him protect a peasant from being assaulted by a noble's soldier



Bibliography:

Image: Excalibur Sword in Stone among the Celtic Standing Stones at Glen Innes New England by denisbin on flickr. Web Source.

Friday, April 6, 2018

Week 11 Story: A Den of Snakes


Once, there lived a boy. He lived a peaceful life with his grandmother and family in the village. He would often go into the woods, hunting birds and bringing them back to feed himself and his grandmother.

The rest of his family was jealous, for he did not share the birds with them. The rest of the village was jealous, for he would not teach others how to hunt the birds as well as him.

The boy's family and his village treated him cruelly. They never caused his body harm, but instead wore him down with cutting words. Despite his love and loyalty for his grandmother, the boy's mind slowly sunk further and further into anguish.

When she learned of what was happening, the grandmother was furious. She threatened all the villagers and her family, telling them that if they continued to act as deceitful snakes, then it would be their fate to turn into snakes.

They laughed at her, and refused to stop.

At last, the boy broke. He left, wandering into the forest and straight into the river. The villagers were smug, and the boy's family celebrated. 'This selfish boy is now gone from our lives,' they cheered.

But then.

From the river that the boy had walked into, a giant snake emerged. It slithered its way to the center of the village, leaving a trail in its wake. Horrified yet curious, the boy's family and the rest of the villagers gathered to watch from what they believed to be a safe distance.

However, the boy's grandmother walked past them all, moving right up to the snake, and greeted him warmly. It took the villagers many moments to realize, but the snake was the boy transformed.

The enormous snake - the boy they had driven out - turned his eyes onto the villagers and his family. He let out a hiss, and all who heard it would swear that they heard a single word in it: 'suffer.'

And they did. A sudden pain came onto each and every member of the village but one, and they writhed as their bodies transformed. From the feet up, they slowly changed into snakes, the agony only increasing the longer this transformation went on.

By the end, every person in the village, the boy's family included, had become a snake, and they mindlessly slithered about on the ground.

The boy's grandmother had not been saved from this fate. However, her change had been free of pain, and so her mind was untouched. Turning her new head to face the boy-turned-snake, the grandmother wrapped her new body around his in a hug. Together, they left the snake-filled village and went to the river.

----------------

Author's Note:

In "The Snake Boy", a boy is treated horribly by his family until he leaves. When he returns, he transforms into a snake and goes into the river. His grandmother grieves until the family's horrible treatment of her drivers her to walk into the river as well.

In "The Snake Man", two hunters go into the woods and one breaks a taboo about eating squirrels, where the price is transforming into a snake, which then happens to him.

I tried to combine these two stories into one, with the boy turning into a snake after he first leaves the village. When he returns, the grandmother's words - that the villagers acting like deceitful snakes would result in them becoming snakes - come true. The boy-turned-snake's gaze transforms everyone into snakes, but the grandmother is the only one who retains her human mind through the transformation.

Bibliography: "The Snake Boy" and "The Snake Man" from Myths of the Cherokee by James Mooney. Web Source.

Image:  Dangerous Cobra by Peka on Pixabay. Web Source.

Wednesday, April 4, 2018

Reading Notes B Week 11: The Snake Boy & The Snake Man

  • Snake Boy
    • Boy who went bird hunting every day and brought birds back to grandmother
    • Family was jealous
      • of Grandma for getting birds brought to her? of Boy for grandmother's affections?
    • Family treated boy so bad that he told grandma he would leave
    • Left without eating breakfast and returned in the evening with a pair of deer horns
    • Told grandma he had to be alone in the hothouse, so she left to go into the house with the others
    • Grandma came back at daybreak and saw a massive snake with horns on its head with two human legs in place of a tail
    • Boy told her to leave, and crawled out (long period of time) of the hothouse.
    • Crawled through settlement leaving a trail until it reached the river and went in
    • Grandmother grieved despite boy having told her not to grieve for him
    • Family got upset, told her that if she thought so much of him she should go join him
    • Grandmother follows trail and walks into river
    • Once afterward, man sees her sitting on a rock in the river, but she jumps in the water as soon as she sees him
  • Snake Man
    • Two hunters under a taboo not to eat squirrel or turkey
    • Go into woods, light a fire to prepare supper once evening comes
    • One killed several squirrels during day and prepared to eat them
    • Other warned him not to break taboo or he'd turn into a snake
    • Hunter ignored warning and ate squirrels
    • Later in the night, hunter was rolling around in agony with his lower body having turned into the body and tail of a water snake
    • Other hunter could not help, and could only watch as first hunter slowly turned into a snake
    • Snake hunter finished turning into snake and crawled into river


Bibliography: "The Snake Boy" and "The Snake Man" from Myths of the Cherokee by James Mooney. Web Source.

Image: Mississippi Green Water Snake by John Sullivan on Wikimedia Commons. Web Source.

Reading Notes A Week 11: The First Fire

  • World was cold in the beginning
  • The Thunders sent lighting and created a fire in the bottom of a hollow sycamore tree on an island
  • Animals saw smoke and knew the fire was there, could not reach because of water
  • Animals wanted to go after fire
    • Raven flew to the sycamore tree, but the heat scorched his feathers black and he retreated
    • Screech-owl went but nearly got eyes burned out, eyes got turned red
    • Hooting Owl and Horned Owl got white rings about their eyes from the ashes
    • Uksu'hĆÆ snake (black racer) went through the water and a small hole at bottom of tree, but got scorched black by the hot ashes and from then on had the habit of doubling back on his tracks "as if trying to escape from close quarters"
    • GĆ»le'gĆÆ ("The Climber") swam over and climbed the outside of the tree, but fell in when smoke choked him and also turned black
  • Animals held another council but all were afraid of the burning tree
  • KƤnƤne'skĆÆ Amai'yĆ«hĆÆ (Water Spider) volunteered
  • She wove a tusti bowl and carried it to the island, and put a coal of fire into the bowl
  • Water Spider brought back the coal and brought the world fire

Bibliography: The First Fire from Myths of the Cherokee by James Mooney. Web Source.

Image:  Ring of Fire from pixabay by geralt. Web Source.

Sunday, April 1, 2018

Week 10 Extra Credit Reading: The Jealous Father

  • AioswĆ© had two wives
    • Polygamy was accepted by the Cree?
  • Had one son by one of the wives
  • AioswĆ© was jealous of his son
    • Jealous of...? Wife's attention, something else?
  • AioswĆ© found marks on one of his wives (not the son's mother) which made him believe son had been intimate with her
  • AioswĆ© went to an island with his son to hunt eggs, and kept sending the son further and further inland for eggs until the son went far enough that AioswĆ© could paddle away in the canoe and leave the son behind
  • Son cried for hours until Walrus appeared
  • Walrus offered help, but asked son to warn Walrus if he heard thunder because he had to go underwater if lightning came
  • Son lied about sky (was cloudy, said it was clear) and then about a peal of thunder
  • Walrus heard thunder again and got angry at AioswĆ©'s son and dropped him
  • Water was already shallow and boy lived, but Walrus was killed by lightning
  • AioswĆ©'s father had sent storm, AioswĆ©'s mother had sent Walrus
    • Father was on AioswĆ©'s side, Mother was on the son's side
  • Old woman sent by Mother gave the son instructions on how to act if he wanted to reach home
  • Gave him a stuffed ermine skin as a 'weapon to protect himself'
  • Son came across a wigwam with two blind old hags who used to kill everybody they met(sent by his father)
    • AioswĆ© or AioswĆ©'s father? Latter sent the thunder storm, but "his father" implies AioswĆ©, the son's father
  • Son is suspicious of hags when they invite him in
    • Because of their elbows - hags are mentioned to have "sharp bones like daggers protruding from the lower arm at the elbow"
  • Son tricked hags into killing each other by putting a piece of parchment on a pole and poking it between them
  • The two hags slashed at the parchment with their elbows and ended up stabbing each other to death
    • Hags can sense son's approach with magic but can't sense that he didn't actually sit between them?
  • Son proceeds and comes across bones on the path (trap by people nearby, who would kill whoever disturbed the bones)
  • Son's advice from the old woman had been to dig a tunnel underneath the bones
  • Son was careless, accidentally rattled the bones while digging
  • People gave up searching when they could not find the son underground, but dogs kept searching until they found the hole
  • AioswĆ©'s son used the stuffed ermine skin to trick the people into thinking the dogs had lied about it being the son, and the people killed the dogs
    • Apparently the people and dogs were specifically after the son as well? Does not mention that they were sent by anyone, though
  • The son returned home
  • Son sang a song about the burning of the world, AioswĆ© sang against him but was not strong enough
  • Son shot an arrow into the woods and set them on fire
  • When AioswĆ© argues that son did not set the water on fire (like he had said he would - "make all the lakes and rivers boil"), the son shot an arrow into the water and made it boil
  • Son told his father that he would be safe from the fire in the fat basket (basket with bear's grease in it)
  • Son put his mother in a circle and she was safe, while AioswĆ© burned to death in the basket
  • Son and his mother transformed into birds, mother into a robin and son into a whisky jack
    • Escaping the world? Fed up with humans? No motivation given besides "Let us become birds"
    • Other wife is ignored besides a mention in beginning and a mention when the son returns

Bibliography: The Jealous Father from Tales of the North American Indians by Stith Thompson.

Tuesday, March 27, 2018

Week 10 Reading A: The Jealous Uncle

  • Unnatural Uncle who would kill nephews when they become a few years old, two already dead
    • No explanation for why he does so? Later on seems to see his nephew as a threat to his life, but no reason given for this idea
  • Aunt went to mother and told her to hide the gender of another boy if he's born
  • Worked for a time, but Uncle discovered that the son was a boy
  • Boy takes old playthings of his brothers
    • Piece of a knife, eagle-down, and a sour cranberry
  • Uncle takes the boy to go fetch wood, and traps him in a log
  • Boy rubs sour cranberry on inside of log and the log 'opened its mouth', freeing him
  • Uncle is surprised and annoyed at the boy continuing to live (and coming back with wood), and swears to his wife that he will kill the boy
  • Uncle takes boy out to get ducks and eggs, leads him to a steep bluff and pushes him down
  • Boy uses eagle-down to drift down, retrieves ducks and eggs, and goes up by blowing at eagle-down
  • Uncle is furious at boy's return again
  • Uncle takes boy to go get clams, pushes boy into large clam
  • Boy uses piece of knife to cut clam's ligament until it lets him out and comes back with clams
  • Uncle makes a box for the boy and makes him go inside; Uncle closes the box, ties it shut, and throws him into the ocean
  • After a long time, boy is rescued by two girls of the Eagle people who can put on and take off eagle skins to transform from human to eagle and back
    • While discussing the box (before they know he is inside), younger daughter claims the box but the elder daughter claims the contents 
  • Elder daughter of the village chief claims the boy and they marry happily
  • Boy returns to his village after he misses his parents, using the chief's eagle-skin to fly home
  • He hunts a whale and puts it on the beach
  • Uncle took control, not allowing any whale meat to be given to the boy's parents
  • The boy, in eagle form, swoops at the Uncle multiple times, getting closer each time until he grabs the Uncle the fourth time and brings him to a cliff
  • Transforming back, the boy tells the uncle that he will be punished for treating his parents cruelly
    • Uncle will be dropped in ocean and only has chance to live by swimming back to shore
    • Uncle cannot swim, begs to be taken back
  • Boy returns to his parents and brings them back to Eagle land with him

Bibliography: The Jealous Uncle from Tales of the North American Indians by Stith Thompson. Web Source

Image: Wild Bald Eagle Ocean by KetaDesign on Wikimedia Commons . Web Source

Thursday, March 15, 2018

Week 9 Story: The Sun's Fear of the Stars

Amaterasu, the Sun Goddess.

She sat at her loom, weaving the dark web of fate itself. As the Sun, Amaterasu had both allies and enemies in all the world, from the Heavens where she lived down to the very depths of Hell; for the Sun brought both joy and dismay to all.

Appearing without welcome or warning, Amatsumikaboshi spoke to Amaterasu.

"Do you still dare to remain here, even after all my warnings?"

Amaterasu scoffed. Amatsumikaboshi disliked Amaterasu, as the Sun was a more dazzling and resplendent feature of the sky than the Stars that he represented. Each night, he had threatened to bring her brother Susanoo to frighten her, but each night, he had left without action.

"I dare indeed, for I am the Sun and shall not be moved from the sky."

A wicked smirk spread across Amatsumikaboshi's face, even as the sound of crackling flames reached Amaterasu's ears. She turned, only to see Susanoo, surrounded by fire and face spattered with blood as he grinned evilly at Amaterasu.

Overcome with fear, Amaterasu fled the horrific sight. She fled out of Heaven all the way down to Earth, taking refuge in a hidden cave. Up in Heaven, Amatsumikaboshi laughed at the setting of the Sun, and lorded over the Earth in the sky along with the Moon. Susanoo left, his prank on Amaterasu complete.


The people on the Earth wailed at the loss of the Jewel of Heaven, and the other deities were filled with worry. While Amaterasu had her enemies, so too did she have allies and friends. Uzume, Goddess of Laughter, and Taji-Karao decided that something must be done.

Going to Heaven, they confronted Amatasumikaboshi, driving him off. After this, they went down to Amaterasu's cave, calling into it to speak to the Sun Goddess.

"Amatasumikaboshi has been driven out of Heaven, and Susanoo has fled! It is safe to return!"

Hesitantly, Amaterasu came out of her cave and followed Uzume and Taji-Karao back to Heaven, where she resumed her duties. The people on Earth rejoiced at the return of the Sun.

But that night, Amatsumikaboshi returned to Heaven. The very sight of him brought about the fear of Susanoo in Amaterasu, and when she remembered the bloodied and crazed face of her brother, Amaterasu fled wildly down to her cave on Earth.

Uzume and Taji-Karao once again managed to drive Amatsumikaboshi out, and return Amaterasu to Heaven; but every night, the Star God would come to drive Amaterasu out of the halls of Heaven.

This cycle continued endlessly, with the Sun and the Stars trading positions in the sky as Amaterasu fled and Amatasumikaboshi was driven out. Night became the dominion of the Stars, while the Sun would only be seen during the Day.

-----------

Author's Notes: The original story was "The Miraculous Mirror", where Susanoo appeared in Heaven and drove Amaterasu down to Earth. An unnamed deity crafted a golden mirror, and Uzume drew Amaterasu out of her cave and stunned her by showing Amaterasu her own reflection. While Amaterasu was distracted, Taji-Karao blocked off the entrance to her cave with a boulder, and Amaterasu was returned to Heaven.

After reading another story that created an 'origin story' out of a different myth, I was inspired to do the same myself. By adding in Amatsumikaboshi (a malignant Shinto god, who was associated with other star deities in Chinese buddhism and Japanese mythology), I turned the story into an origin story for the cycle of day and night; Amatsumikaboshi, the stars, show up at night and scare Amaterasu, the sun, out of Heaven. When Amatsumikaboshi is driven out of Heaven, Amaterasu finally feels safe to return. Thus, the star and the stars only show up at different times, with the sun being up during the day but the stars being present during the night.

Image: Twilight Sky Red Cloud Sunset Sun East on Max Pixel

Bibliography: The Miraculous Mirror from Romance of Old Japan, Part I: Mythology and Legend by E. W. Champney and F. Champney. Web Source

Tuesday, March 13, 2018

Reading Notes B Week 9: The Three Evils


  • Dschou Tschu
    • Very strong and often got into fights due to his personality and lack of discipline
    • Elders did not punish him
      • Fear, or knew that he didn't intend to cause trouble?
  • New mandarin arrived and listened to people's complaints
  • Learned of three great evils
    • Evil dragon at the bridge
    • Tiger with white forehead in the hills
    • Dschou Tschu
  • New mandarin went to Dschou Tschu's door, clothed in poor garments
  • Dschou Tschu laughed at the idea of people being distressed
    • Revolt happening in country around, but the village is doing well and is peaceful
  • Mandarin agrees but points out that people still complain about three great evils
  • Mandarin tells Dschou Tschu that he wishes to ask him to dispose of the first two, but hints that he should keep the third hidden from Dschou Tschu
  • Dschou Tschu falls for bait, asks to hear all three
  • He is ashamed to hear that he is considered one of the great evils and tells the mandarin to return home
  • Goes and kills the tiger and dragon, reports to the mandarin
    • Tells the mandarin that he will leave and that the elders no longer need to be sorrowful about him
  • Enlists as a soldier and makes a name for himself until he faces unbeatable odds, and then allows himself to die

Bibliography: The Three Evils from The Chinese Fairy Book, ed. by R. Wilhelm and translated by Frederick H. Martens

Image: Dragon vs Tiger by David Davis on flickr

Reading Notes A Week 9: The God of War



  •  Story:
    • Guan Yu made a pact of friendship with Liu Be and Dschang Fe
    • Swore oath in a peach-orchard to be brothers and sacrificed a white steed to seal it
    • Aided in subduing the Yellow Turbans
    • When Tsau Tsau convinced Liu Be's enemies to take their city by treachery, Guan Yu led an army to retake the town but was captured in an ambush along with his son
    • When he could not sway Guan Yu to his side, the prince of that country (the enemies) slew Guan Yu and his son
      • Red Hare stopped eating and died once Guan Yu died
      • Dschou Dsang and other faithful followers of Guan Yu also died upon hearing of Guan Yu's death
    • A monk who was an old acquaintance saw Guan Yu after his death, along with his son Guan Ping and Dschou Dsang
    • Guan Yu wanted his head back (to come back to life), but monk told him that all the people Guan Yu killed would also want that if Guan Yu got his way
    • Guan Yu disappeared and acted as a god thereafter, appearing whenever a new dynasty was founded
    • His worship increased over time
      • Prince Guan
      • King Guan
      • Great god who conquers demons
      • Divine "Helper of the Heavens"
    • Known as the God of War
    • Worshiped as the Master of War alongside Confucius, the Master of Peace
  • Guan Yu:
    • Also known as "The God of War, Guan Di"
    • Held a great love for his country
    • Faithful, honest, and brave
    • Owned the horse Red Hare
      • Red Hare "could run a thousand miles in one day"
    • Owned Green Dragon, a knife "shaped like a half-moon"
    • Was handsome in appearance
      • Had a red face
      • Had a beard so long it went down to his stomach
    • Could take on thousands with ease
    • Inspired loyalty in others
      • Dschou Dsang and others died (committed suicide?) when they heard of Guan Yu's death

Bibliography: The God of War from The Chinese Fairy Book, ed. by R. Wilhelm and translated by Frederick H. Martens. Web Source

Image: Guan Yu Figurine on PXHere.

Sunday, March 11, 2018

Wikipedia Trails: Susanoo to Yata no Kagami

Susanoo-no-Mikoto

After reading a story about Amaterasu and how she was scared out of Heaven by Susanoo (the original being a story that I read and intend to rewrite as well), I was interested in reading more about Susanoo. I was also interested in seeing if there was any additional information I could get for my own retelling. (Notably, it mentions that Susanoo drove her from heaven by destroying her rice fields, throwing a flayed pony at her loom, and killing one of her attendants.)

Amano-Iwato

Amano-Iwato is the "Heavenly Rock Cave" that Amaterasu hid herself in the same story I mentioned above. As above, I was interested to see if I could learn more about something that featured in the story I intend to rewrite, as well as to see if the cave held any more importance that I might be able to weave into my story. Apparently, there is a real cave that is considered to be the Amano-Iwato, which is a cave on one side of the Iwato River from a hall of worship named Nishihongu.

Imperial_Regalia_of_Japan

The article about Amano-Iwato mentioned that the mirror that Amaterasu was lured out of her cave with was the Yata no Kagami. I've heard of that mirror, but was not aware that it was the same as the golden mirror from this myth. Apparently, the mirror and jewels were what Uzume used to lure Amaterasu out of the cave, while the Kusanagi came from Yamata no Orochi's body. All three belonged to Amaterasu, the Kusanagi being an apology gift from Susanoo, and came down to Earth when Amaterasu sent her grandson down to Japan.

Yata_no_Kagami

The Yata no Kagami was actually the object I had gone to the previous page for, so when I saw that there was an individual article for it, I was interested in seeing if there was more about it specifically besides its identity as one of the Imperial Regalia. Unfortunately, it is a much shorter article and seems to have mostly the same information as the previous page.

Thursday, March 8, 2018

Tech Tip: Word Counter - for Firefox!

Using Firefox, I found Word Count as a Firefox add-on rather than the Chrome version.

I've found it very useful for this class, given the word count requirements. I tend to be someone who writes too much, so for comments and such I'm fine but for stories it's extremely useful. It's a little annoying in that it will always put the word count at the bottom right of your main monitor - so if you're using multiple screens or have your browser not full screen, I can sometimes look in the wrong place and wonder whether the add-on is glitching for a moment. But other than that, it's very useful and allows for you to get the word count of any highlighted text with an option in the right-click menu.

Wednesday, March 7, 2018

Week 8 EC Reading Notes: Stories from Le Morte D'Arthur and the Mabinogion (A)

Of Arthur's Birth; And How He Became King

 Disneyland Sword in the Stone, by Dave Q from Wikimedia Commons
  • Uther Pendragon ruled Britain
  • Fell in love with Igraine of Cornwall, got rejected and fell ill
  • Merlin offers to help Uther if Uther's son is given to him at the son's birth
  • Uther agrees and Merlin gives Uther "the form of one whom Igraine had loved dearly"
    • Igraine then marries Uther
  • Merlin shows up to remind Uther about the deal 3 days before Arthur is born
  • When Arthur is born, Uther commands for him to be taken to the 'postern-gate' to be given to an old man (Merlin)
  • Uther fell sick not long after, gathered all his knights and barons and commanded them to obey his son
    • By Merlin's suggestion
    • Also says that his curse would be on his son if Arthur didn't take the throne
  • Few people had seen Arthur, and were unwilling to be ruled by a child
  • Civil war erupted
  • Merlin had taken Arthur away to keep him safe from the upcoming civil war (which he had foreseen)
  • Merlin gave Arthur to Sir Ector to raise alongside Ector's son Kay
    • Didn't tell Ector that Arthur was Uther's son
  • When Arthur was older ("tall youth"), Merlin advises the Archbishop of Canterbury and told him to call together "all the chief men of the realm"
    • Merlin put a curse on the Archbishop to get him to comply
  • When the men gathered, they saw a sword thrust through an anvil on a giant stone in front of the church
    • Stone had "Whoso can draw forth this sword, is rightful King of Britain born" written on it
  • Everyone present tried and failed to draw the sword
  • Jousts were to be held in London at Easter for knights to show off their skill and try to draw the sword
  • Ector rode to London with Kay and Arthur
  • Kay and Arthur rode out, but Kay forgot his sword
  • Arthur went back but the house was locked up
  • Arthur thought of the sword in the stone and went to grab it
    • Guards were gone due to tournament
  • Arthur draws the sword and brings it to Kay, who shows it to Ector
  • Ector and Kay pledge loyalty to Arthur
  • They go to Archbishop and tell him what happened
  • Arthur puts sword back in and draws it twice
    • Others try to draw it after Arthur puts in back in the second time, but all fail again
  • Arthur is sworn in as king
---------

(Reading is from Coming of Arthur up to How the Scabbard Was Lost)

Bibliography: Of Arthur's Birth; And How He Became King from Stories from Le Morte D'Arthur and the Mabinogion by Beatrice Clay. Web Source.

Week 8 Comments and Feedback

I would prefer to have a little more critical feedback in the comments I get from other people. While it is nice to hear about the things I am doing right, I think I would improve more if people were more willing to tell me what parts of my story don't quite work right and what I need to focus on in future stories.

In a similar vein, I think that I need to give a little more critical feedback in my comments to others. While I do try to comment on at least one thing that can hopefully help them improve, there is more I can do. I am worried about coming across as too critical, so I will need to think about ways to give my critique while making it clear that those are areas to improve, not places that are simply done poorly or that are bad.


 I think it's important to look for patterns in feedback because if a single person points out an issue, it is possible that it's just that person who finds it to be an issue despite that section being fine. However, when multiple people point out the same thing (such as the centered text for my Storybook intro being difficult to read), it is indicative that the issue definitely exists.

Week 8 Progress

Currently, I'm decently happy with my progress so far, although I need to get better about doing assignments on time since I'm 8 points behind where I should be. Oftentimes I find myself having to use the time I'd previously set aside to do my work for this class doing other work, and then I can forget to do my work later that day. I'm thinking about possibly trying to start doing my work on different days in order to get around this - if I tell myself that I need to finish the Tuesday assignment by the end of Monday at the very latest, then even if I do accidentally miss it, I still have that extra day. Alternatively, if I can spend the time to get an assignment ahead and stay an assignment ahead, then the due dates become less of an issue that way.

 
 

Image: Greek Art - Foot Race - Panathenaic Vase from Wikimedia Commons, Meme created through Imgflip Meme Generator.

Sunday, March 4, 2018

Week 7 EC Reading: The Gilgamesh Epic



The Birth of Gilgamesh (No Notes, not a specific story)

Eabani (No Notes, not a specific story)

Gilgamesh as Tyrant:
  •  Gilgamesh fulfilling "double rĆ“le of ruler and oppressor" of Uruk
    • Pressed young men into service in building a wall
    • Takes women to his court
  • People pray to the gods, specifically goddess Aruru, to make a hero who would force Gilgamesh to treat them better out of fear
  • Aruru takes a piece of clay and casts it upon the ground, creating Enkidu
  • Enkidu was covered with hair, had long luxurious hair
  • Enkidu lived in harmony with wild animals, and knew nothing of the land or of people
The Beguiling of Eabani:
  •  Hunter named Tsaidu encountered Enkidu
    • Possibly sent by Gilgamesh to entrap Enkidu and bring him back to Uruk
    • Possibly completely accidental
  • Tsaidu returns to Uruk and tells Gilgamesh about Enkidu
    • Enkidu was strong and fleet, but also shy at sight of another human
  • Gilgamesh seems to know why Enkidu was created, and wants to go against the gods' plans
  • Sends Tsaidu back to the mountains with Ukhut, a sacred woman of the temple of Ishtar, to seduce Enkidu and convince him to return to Uruk with her
  • Ukhut's beauty enthralls Enkidu, and he spends a week with her
  • Realizing he no longer belonged with the beasts, Enkidu goes along with Ukhut when she tries to convince him to go to Uruk and meet with Gilgamesh
    • He finds the idea of befriending Gilgamesh delightful
Gilgamesh Meets Eabani:
  • Feast of Ishtar was happening when the trio (Enkidu, Ukhut, Tsaidu) returned to Uruk
  • Enkidu thought that he would have to fight Gilgamesh before befriending him, but refrained through a warning that Gilgamesh was stronger than him
    • Warning could have been a dream or from Ukhut
  • Meeting is not detailed, but Enkidu and Gilgamesh meet and become friends
  • Enkidu laments loss of former freedom, aims his hate at Ukhut
  • Shamash (sun-god) talks to Enkidu and convinces him of the benefits
    • Unclear if dream or vision
    • Shamash talks of the benefits Enkidu already has, and tells Enkidu that Gilgamesh will provide Enkidu with a wonderful couch to sleep on and give Enkidu a seat at his left hand
  • Enkidu stops being upset at his current situation
  • Enkidu then receives a vision/dream about Khumbaba, a monster in the Forest of Cedars
    • Khumbaba was also a "guardian of the abode of the goddess Irnina (a form of Ishtar)"
  • Gilgamesh and Enkidu go to the priestess Rimat-belit (Gilgamesh's mother) and seek protection from Shamash for their adventure
The Monster Khumbaba:
  •  Khumbaba:
    • Terrifying creature that saps the strength and vitality of any who enter the forest
    • Bel appointed Khumbaba to guard a specific cedar tree
  • Enkidu complains that he feels weak upon nearing the forest, but Gilgamesh encourages him
  • The pair receive a dream foretelling of Khumbaba's death when they enter the forest and go forth, successfully slaying Khumbaba
Ishtar's Love for Gilgamesh:
  • Gilgamesh and Enkidu returned to Uruk victorious
  • Gilgamesh dressed himself in kingly clothes upon their return
  • Ishtar fell in love with Gilgamesh after witnessing him, and proposed to Gilgamesh
    • She promised many gifts if he did so - increased flocks and herds, "his horses and oxen would be without rival", other kings/princes would bring tribute to him
  • Gilgamesh rejected and taunted Ishtar due to her past treatment of lovers
    • Tammuz, "to whom she clung weepingly year after year"
    • Alalu the eagle
    • "A lion perfect in might and a horse glorious in battle"
    • Tabulu, a shepherd
    • Isullanu, the gardener of Ishtar's father
  • Ishtar had treated her previous lovers poorly and mocked them
    • Gilgamesh believed that he would be treated similarly if he accepted Ishtar's proposal
  • Ishtar was furious at the rejection and went to her father Anu
    • Seems as if she lied and made it sound as if Gilgamesh tried to court her instead of the other way around
The Bull of Anu:
  • Ishtar begged her father to send a mighty bull against Gilgamesh
  • Anu refused at first due to the fact that it would cause "seven years' sterility on the earth", but eventually agreed
  • Great bull, Alu, was sent to battle Gilgamesh
  • Text about the battle is missing but Gilgamesh was able to finally kill the beast
  • Ishtar went onto the wall of Uruk and cursed Gilgamesh for angering her and killing the bull from heaven
  • When Enkidu heard the curse, he tore out the entrail of the bull and threw them in front of Ishtar, telling her:
    • "As for thee, I will conquer thee, and I will do to thee even as I have done to him"
    • Direct threat that Enkidu will kill Ishtar
  • Gilgamesh dedicated the horns of the bull to the sun god and returned to Uruk
  • Possible that Enkidu was sent a dream in which Ukhut (who was now dead) told him of the underworld (Hades)
    • Described as "a path whose way has no return", place where inhabitants are cut off from light, and only dust exists without food or water
File:Near Eastern - Cylinder Seal with Enkidu Vanquishing the Bull of Heaven - Walters 42786 - Side B.jpg
The Death of Eabani:
  •  Enkidu falls ill and dies twelve days later
    • Possible that Enkidu was wounded
    • Possible that Enkidu was cursed to die outside of battle, likely by Ishtar
  • Gilgamesh grieves Enkidu's death
The Quest of Gilgamesh:
  • Gilgamesh became terrified of death and went in search of Ut-Napishtim, his ancestor who might know of a way for Gilgamesh to escape death
  • Gilgamesh set out and had to pass through mountain gorges full of wild beasts
    • Sin, the moon-god, helped him make it through safely
  • Gilgamesh arrived at the mountain Mashu ("the Mountain of the Sunset") which lay between the earth and the underworld on the western horizon
  • The entrance was guarded by scorpion-men (monsters)
  • Gilgamesh was overcome by fear when he saw them, but answered their questions about why he came
    • Scorpion-men only didn't kill him due to his divine heritage
  • Scorpion-men advised he turn back when they learned he sought Ut-Napishtim
  • They told Gilgamesh that he would have to go through twenty-four hours of darkness until he re-emerged into the light of day, and refused to let him pass
  • Gilgamesh begged them (with tears) to let him through, and they eventually did so
  • Gilgamesh ended up in a garden of trees that carried precious stones as fruit and leaves (?)
  • Gilgamesh encountered the sea-goddess Sabitu, who retreated into her palace and shut the gate
  • He threatened to break down the door until she opened it and aided him
    • Gilgamesh knew that her help was necessary to reach Ut-Napishtim
  • She sent Gilgamesh to Adad-Ea (Ut-Napishtim's ferryman)
  • Adad-Ea advised Gilgamesh to turn back as well, but agreed when Gilgamesh started destroying Adad-Ea's boat with an axe
    • Adad-Ea forced Gilgamesh to go find a new rudder before they set off
Gilgamesh and Ut-Napishtim:
  • Gilgamesh contracted a grievous illness and could not leave the boat when they arrived at Ut-Napishtim's home
  • Gilgamesh didn't believe Ut-Napishtim when he tried to tell Gilgamesh that death was the fate of mankind and controlled by the gods
  • Ut-Napishtim told Gilgamesh the story of the Babylonian Deluge Myth

Deluge Myth (No Notes, not a story I will focus on)

Gilgamesh and the Plant of Life (no section header in source):
  • Deluge myth proved to Gilgamesh that unlike his previous belief, his situation was not the same as his ancestor's
    • Ut-Napishtim was given the blessing of Bel after he saved humanity when Bel wanted to flood the world, due to Bel being convinced by the other gods that his actions were an overreaction
  • Ut-Napishtim took pity on Gilgamesh and healed him
    • Gilgamesh slept for a week
    • Ut-Napishtim's wife made a magic "preparation" with seven ingredients and gave it to Gilgamesh
    • When Gilgamesh woke, Ut-Napishtim sent him to a magic spring to finish healing him
  • Gilgamesh returned and was still insistent on his quest for immortality
  • Ut-Napishtim sent Gilgamesh with Adad-Ea to the location of the plant of life
    • Plant would give immortality and eternal youth to whoever ate it
    • Plant was a weed at the bottom of the ocean that would prick the hands of the gatherer
  • Gilgamesh found the plant of life and set out to return to Uruk, accompanied by Adad-Ea
  • When Gilgamesh stopped at a well of fresh water, a snake stole the plant and Gilgamesh wept at the loss
Eabani's Spirit (no section header in source):
  •  Gilgamesh still grieving Enkidu's loss
    • "Thou canst no longer stretch thy bow upon the earth; and those who were slain with the bow are round about thee. Thou canst no longer bear a sceptre in thy hand; and the spirits of the dead have taken thee captive. Thou canst no longer wear shoes upon thy feet; thou canst no longer raise thy war-cry on the earth. No more dost thou kiss thy wife whom thou didst love; no more dost thou smite thy wife whom thou didst hate. No more dost thou kiss thy daughter whom thou didst love; no more dost thou smite thy daughter whom thou didst hate. The sorrow of the underworld hath taken hold upon thee."
    • Implies Enkidu had a wife and daughter? Love-hate relationship with the wife and daughter, or just pointing out that Enkidu can no longer show love or anger towards his closest family members?
  • Gilgamesh went to multiple temples to pray for Enkidu's return
    • Ninsum, Bel, Sin
  • Eventually Ea took pity on Gilgamesh and persuaded Nergal to bring forth Enkidu's spirit from Hades
  • Enkidu couldn't tell Gilgamesh what he'd seen in the underworld but could describe the general conditions
    • People who were taken care of properly (buried, offerings made) and/or slain in battle have ideal afterlives
    • People who were not either have miserable afterlives
-------------

Bibliography: The Gilgamesh Epic from Myths & Legends of Babylonia & Assyria by Lewis Spence. Web Source

Image: Near Eastern - Cylinder Seal with Enkidu Vanquishing the Bull of Heaven - Walters 42786 - Side B, anonymous artist from the Middle East, from the Walters Art Museum. Image Web Source

Thursday, March 1, 2018

Week 7 Story Planning: The Sun's Fear

Story Notes:
  •  Amaterasu "the bright", Sun Goddess
  • Despite being the Sun Goddess, Amaterasu is responsible for weaving the "dark web of Doom with its symbols of joy and dismay"
    • Symbolic? Sun can be good and bad (can help plants grow vs too much sun with no rain can kill plants, sun can warm the land vs too hot can make it difficult to work?)
    • Can use this: Sun brings both joy and dismay to all, and so Amaterasu has both allies and enemies alike in all directions, from the Heavens to Earth and down to the very depths of Hell below"Speeding her shuttle of Fate, interwove Izanagi's fair daughter
      Lotus-pure blossoms of Love with the flame of a rapturous star"
  • Izanagi's daughter is one of the Amaterasu's hand-maidens? Look up exactly who Izanagi's daughter is
  • Susa-no-wo comes "out of the void"
    • Does Susa-no-wo not live in Hell? Is described as the "Dragon of Hell" and the "demon of Fire" - does this have significance?
    • Is Amaterasu's fear of Susa-no-wo due to him being a demon, or is there something more?
  • "immured her secure from the rage of her brother benighted"
    • Amaterasu is Susa-no-wo's sibling?
  • The people wail at the loss of "their Jewel of Heaven" until a god makes a golden mirror and Uzume takes it to lure Amaterasu out
  • Uzume, Goddess of Laughter, dances and frolics to gain Amaterasu's attention
  • When Amaterasu comes out, Uzume praises her and shows her the golden mirror (Amaterasu's own reflection) but Amaterasu does not realize it is her own appearance
    • Amaterasu: lack of self-confidence? Fear of someone else rivaling her?
    • Not sure I can use this
  • Comes out of cave to confront her 'rival' and Taji-Karao rolls a boulder to block off her cave
    • This will definitely have to be removed, due to my change (Amaterasu has to be able to flee every night)
Source 1 Notes:
  •  Amaterasu is the daughter of Izanami and Izanagi
    • Previous note about Izanagi's daughter being a handmaiden is wrong, ignore
  • Elder sister of Susanoo (Susa-no-wo), constantly argued with him until she exiled him from heaven
  • "Amaterasu & The Cave"
    • Susanoo surprised Amaterasu with a monstrous flayed horse - reason for why she fled from him?
      • Will probably keep more of the "demon/Dragon of Hell" aspect in rewriting, need reason for Amaterasu to constantly flee every night
    • More deities than Amenouzume/Ama-no-Uzeme (Uzume) involved in trying to bring Amaterasu out of her cave
    • Didn't see reflection as an enemy, but was distracted by her own "stunning reflection"
      • Narcissistic tendencies
    • Ame-no-tajikara-wo (Taji-Karao) dragged Amaterasu out of the cave instead of just blocking it off behind her (which Tuto-Tamu did instead)
      • Might involve Taji-Karao and/or Uzume to convince Amaterasu that star deity/Susanoo will be driven off every morning
Source 2 Notes:
  • Amatasumikaboshi was a malignant Shinto god
  • Under Chinese buddhism he was associated with another deity associated with the north star
  • Ended up combined with Ama-no-mi-naka-nushi
    • Use the version that exists separately, stick with the original malignant nature
    • Jealousy over stars not being as 'dazzling and resplendent' as the sun?

Image: Twilight Sky Red Cloud Sunset Sun East on Max Pixel

Bibliography: The Miraculous Mirror from Romance of Old Japan, Part I: Mythology and Legend by E. W. Champney and F. Champney. Web Source

Source 1: Amaterasu, Ancient History Encyclopedia

Source 2: Amatsumikaboshi, Wikipedia

Tuesday, February 27, 2018

Reading Notes A: The Miraculous Mirror


File:Amaterasu.png

  • Amaterasu:
    • Sun Goddess
    • Weaves the "dark web of Doom" with seven hand-maidens
    • Scared of Susa-no-wo, fled upon his arrival
  • Susa-no-wo:
    • "Dragon of hell", "Demon of Fire"
    • Showed up in the Hall of the Gods and caused Amaterasu to flee
  • Some god crafted a mirror of gold
  • Uzume:
    • Goddess of laughter
    • Danced and frolicked outside of Amaterasu's cave until Amaterasu awoke
    • Used gold mirror to get Amaterasu to leave the cave
  • Amaterasu looked in mirror, saw herself but thought it was a rival; ran out of the cave 
  • Taji-KaraĆ“ blocked cave with a boulder



  • Idea: make into a myth about why the sun disappears every night
    • Find a deity of stars, have him become the antagonist
    • "Boy who cried wolf" type story, until star deity follows up on threats and actually brings Susa-no-wo to attack Amaterasu
    • Thereafter, deity of stars comes to the Hall of the Gods every night, and Amaterasu flees until she knows that the stars are gone
    • Include Uzume: person who tells Amaterasu when star deity is gone?
      • Could also replace with a rooster-related deity - crow of the rooster signifying daybreak

Bibliography: The Miraculous Mirror from Romance of Old Japan, Part I: Mythology and Legend by E. W. Champney and F. Champney. Web Source

Image: Amaterasu by TI.A on Wikimedia Commons

Thursday, February 22, 2018

Longer Version of Week 6 Story (Original Before Trim)

Magic does not exist.

There is no proof, of course, but there is no proof of magic's existence either. As more and more of the science of the universe was discovered, fewer and fewer people believed that magic could possibly exist until any who did were considered insane and delusional. Powerful magicians, mythical creatures, unexplained phenomena of the world; all of the works of magic were naught but myth and legend, not forgotten but no longer believed in by the general populace.

Until one day.

It was a city, no different than any of the others that dominated the earth. Most signs of nature were eradicated from the planet, with only nature enthusiasts and specified areas such as parks remaining as signs that the world was once full of greenery. The city had one such park, but it was lackluster, maintained by those who cared little for its contents.

The routine of the caretakers was a simple one, and it rarely changed. Water and trim the wilting plants, make sure that none of them had been damaged by unnatural causes, and otherwise perform general maintenance. It was an easy job, with few surprises.

Then the tree appeared.

There was no warning to its arrival. Nothing existed in the spot but browning grass one day, and the next day there was an immature sapling in its place. On the first glance, the park caretaker barely took note of the new addition.

Then the sapling grew again, going from an immature sapling to a nearly full-grown tree. The caretakers were suspicious - how did such a tree get there? But they had no answers, and simply reported its presence. The report got no immediate response.

The next day, the tree was on par with the others in the park, other trees that had been growing for decades to reach their full potential.

Each day, it grew and grew, and within a single week it towered over everything in its vicinity, branches reaching out to cast shade over the entire park. Scientists came in to study the tree, but had found nothing in those few days. It quickly became a tourist attraction, and one historian named it the "Iei Tree".

Despite the unsettling nature of its appearance, those in charge of the city relaxed. It wasn't significantly damaging the other parts of the park, and it was bringing tourism to help the city. All was well.


That was when the Iei Tree began to truly work its effects upon the world.

The park caretakers woke to find that the animals living in the park had an unsettling intelligence, watching them do their work. Citizens of the city began to notice that their electronics were failing at random intervals, or giving false readings.

And the entire city noticed when the first dragon appeared, bellowing rage and flames down at the weak creatures that dared to exist near it.

It was chaos. One dragon was followed by another, and another. It seemed an entire family of dragons had come forth, and the city burned. Everyone fled, leaving behind anything they couldn't live without as draconic fire ravaged the city behind them.

Only days later, after the city and thousands of people were long lost, did anyone make the connection that the Iei Tree might have been a cause of the event instead of just another symptom. By then, the former city was ruled by dragons, chimeras, and all manner of creatures long thought to be mere works of imagination.

Even as the military planned to make their way back into the dragons' nest, the Iei Tree continued to grow. It grew higher than the buildings, higher than the skyscrapers, higher than everything until it towered above all else. Nearly the entire continent could see the edges of the Iei Tree's canopy. And with the shadow of the Iei Tree came the creatures of myth and legend. Not just the more exotic creatures that legendary adventures centered about, such as chimeras and dragons, but also animals with intelligence, the gift of speech, and even magic of their own.

The world eventually organized their group of soldiers and scientists, picking only the best and most resilient to go on what might very well be a suicide mission. But the grim prospects seemed to be simply paranoid, as the group managed to sneak through the mythical land overcast by the Iei Tree, picking their way across the ravaged ruins of the city until they finally reached the trunk of the tree itself.

It was a massive structure, the Iei Tree having long since consumed the park in which its life had begun. All of the group found themselves staring in awe before they snapped themselves from their daze and began their work.

Had the situation been less dire, they might have tried to make sure that the Iei Tree was the cause of the myths coming to life before attempts to kill the tree were made. But too many had died, and would die, for them to risk taking that time.

Unfortunately, nothing seemed to work.

Attempts to chop down the tree resulted in the wood regenerating before their very eyes. Poison simply vanished with no effect, as if it had never existed. The Iei Tree seemed impervious to flames as well, with no part of the massive tree even burning for a single instant.

The group was ready to give it up as a lost cause. Days had been spent trying to take down the Iei Tree, but it proved to be an unkillable foe.

"You're in quite a hopeless situation, aren't you?"

Guns swiveled to aim at the voice, only to find a small grey bird. It ruffled its feathers before speaking once more.

"Do you truly wish to do that? I mean you no harm, but the same cannot be said for any others who will hear you kill me."

Grudgingly, the guns lowered. While it was nothing like the human expression, the bird gave what could only be called a smug glance at the humans before continuing.

"Very good. Now, I am Kha Phreit. As much as it may surprise you, I am just as disgusted by the rampant deaths of your kind as you are. And so I will share with you a secret, a secret that might help you kill this monstrous tree.

"There lives a tiger in the branches of the monstrous tree. His name is U Khla, and he is the one who makes your progress meaningless. When you cut the tree, he heals it with his magic. When you poison the tree, he purifies it before more than a single patch of wood might be harmed. When you burn the tree, he protects it such that not even a leaf will be consumed by the flame. If you wish the tree's death, U Khla is the one you must take down first."

Message given, Kha Phreit flies off.

Behind him, the soldiers and scientists stare at each other. Believing in a creature brought into the world by the Iei Tree is difficult, but to do so would give them hope. It would give them a way to snatch victory from the jaws of defeat, and save the world for humanity.

They climb the tree, wary and ready for an attack. The further they climb, the darker it becomes, until the leaves of the Iei Tree block all light except their own.

From the darkness, echoing from all directions, a voice growls at them.

"So, that foolish bird has told you of me. You would kill me so that you may kill the tree, hmm?"

Guns snapped up, pointing in every direction, but the soldiers dared not fire blindly.

"Have you thought nothing of what the tree's death would do to us? All of our lives, all of our existences, are bound to this tree. With its death comes ours as well."

One soldier, temper frayed, replied. "Like your kind haven't killed humans! However many of you we kill, it's nothing compared to the number of us who have died!"

The voice scoffed. "Do not assume all of us to be so crude and cruel as the dragons. And do not assume that their reasoning does not exist. Do you not realize where we are from, where we have been summoned from? Creatures of myth - oh yes, we know of our status in your world - do not simply appear from nowhere.

"We were summoned forth from those exact myths and legends, from that long-forgotten past, where many of us - especially the dragons - were hated by humans, hunted by humans. When the dragons saw humans thriving, powerful and plentiful in a way they had never known, of course they would attack. They know of the dangers of humanity, and are terrified of letting your kind have the opportunity to kill them."

A hush fell over the group of soldiers. "Then what do you want? We can't just leave things be," the same soldier spoke. There was only silence from U Khla, for such a long time that the soldiers began to believe he had vanished. Then, he replied at last.

"I... do not know. But I- we, are willing to strike a deal. Not only myself, but all of our kind who do not agree with the dragons. Should humanity cease its attempts to kill the tree, should you agree to allow its existence to continue, then we shall aid you in fighting against any threat from those who the tree has brought forth."

They almost didn't agree. None of the soldiers had the authority, and many were still angry over how many had died due to the Iei Tree.

But despite their anger, despite the possibility of failure-

"We accept."

----------------------------------------

Author's Note: The original tale, The Legend of the Iei Tree, is of a famously large tree on top of a mountain. The shadow of the tree is so dense that the sun can't get through at all, and the earth below it is barren. The tree keeps growing until people are driven out of its shadow, and it begins to threaten the entire world. A group of woodcutters gather and go to cut it down, but every night the damage they do is repaired. A Khasi wren, Kha Phreit, goes to the woodcutters, who laugh at the idea of the bird helping them. After chastising them, Kha Phreit tells the woodcutters that a large tiger, U Khla, has been licking the tree every night to heal the cuts on it. The woodcutters stick their axes into the tree, blades out, and U Khla cuts his tongue on the axes that night. Fleeing, U Khla never returns to the Iei Tree, and the woodcutters are able to cut the tree down.

When I was considering how to retell this story, I began by thinking of transitioning it into a modern setting. A massive tree growing in the center of a city, in an extremely modernized world, seemed like an interesting change to the story. Given the modernization, making the land barren wasn't as big of an issue, so I changed the Iei Tree's threat to bringing forth mythical creatures, which also allowed me to keep the characters of Kha Phreit and U Khla. Lastly, I changed the ending, since I like the idea of magic (the mythical creatures and the Iei tree) and science (the very modernized world with previously little nature) managing to find a way to coexist, even if it's only a tentative idea by the end of the story.

Bibliography: The Legend of the Iei Tree from Folk-Tales of the Khasis by Mrs. K. U. Rafy.  Web Source

Image: "Giant Tree, St. Andrews University". Copyright Anthony O'Neil. Web Source